Achieving Ultrahigh Energy Densities of Supercapacitors with Porous Titanium Carbide/Boron‐Doped Diamond Composite Electrodes

Abstract The energy densities of most supercapacitors (SCs) are low, hindering their practical applications. To construct SCs with ultrahigh energy densities, a porous titanium carbide (TiC)/boron‐doped diamond (BDD) composite electrode is synthesized on a titanium plate that is pretreated using a plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) technique. The porous and nanometer‐thick TiO₂ layer formed during PEO process prevents the formation of brittle titanium hydride and enhances the BDD growth during chemical vapor deposition processes. Meanwhile, the in situ conversion of TiO₂ into TiC is achieved. Combination of this capacitor electrode with soluble redox electrolytes leads to the fabrication of high‐performance SCs in both aqueous and organic solutions. In 0.05 m Fe(CN)₆^3−/4− + 1 m Na₂SO₄ aqueous solution, the capacitance is as high as 46.3 mF cm⁻² at a current density of 1 mA cm⁻²; this capacitance remains 92% of its initial value even after 10 000 charge/discharge cycles; the energy density is up to 47.4 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 2236 W kg⁻¹. The performance of constructed SCs is superior to most available SCs and some electrochemical energy storage devices like batteries. Such a porous capacitor electrode is thus promising for the construction of high‐performance SCs for practical applications.