Study on microstructure evolution and thermo‑mechanical reliability of low-Ag SACBNI solders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
No abstract is available for this record. The assistant can identify its topic from the title, but cannot infer the study’s results.
Source: Not provided · Quality: missing
References (56)
Show source-provided references
1. B. Ali, M.F.M. Sabri, I. Jauhari, N.L. Sukiman, Impact toughness, hardness and shear strength of Fe and Bi added Sn-1Ag-0.5Cu lead-free solders. Microelectron. Reliab. 63, 224–230 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2016.05.00410.1016/j.microrel.2016.05.004 ↗
2. F. Liu, Z. Wang, J. Zhou, Y. Wu, Z. Wang, Effect of Ce and Sb doping on microstructure and thermal/mechanical properties of Sn-1.0Ag-0.5Cu lead-free solder. Soldering Surf. Mount Technol. 36, 174–184 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1108/ssmt-08-2023-004410.1108/ssmt-08-2023-0044 ↗
3. H.Y. Zahran, A.F. Abd El-Rehim, A.S. Mahmoud, Thermal, microstructural, and mechanical features of Bi-containing Sn-1Ag-0.5Cu lead-free solders. J. Electron. Mater. 52, 4841–4852 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-023-10428-410.1007/s11664-023-10428-4 ↗
4. H. Ma, J.C. Suhling, A review of mechanical properties of lead-free solders for electronic packaging. J. Mater. Sci. 44, 1141–1158 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-3125-910.1007/s10853-008-3125-9 ↗
5. M. Abtew, G. Selvaduray, Lead-free solders in microelectronics. Mater. Sci. Eng. R. Rep. 27, 95–141 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0927-796x(00)00010-310.1016/s0927-796x(00)00010-3 ↗
6. L. Sun, L. Zhang, Properties and microstructures of Sn-Ag-Cu-X lead-free solder joints in electronic packaging. Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2015, 1–16 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/63902810.1155/2015/639028 ↗
7. D.A. Shnawah, M.F.M. Sabri, I.A. Badruddin, A review on thermal cycling and drop impact reliability of SAC solder joint in portable electronic products. Microelectron. Reliab. 52, 90–99 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2011.07.09310.1016/j.microrel.2011.07.093 ↗
8. A.A. El-Daly, A.M. El-Taher, Improved strength of Ni and Zn-doped Sn–2.0Ag–0.5Cu lead-free solder alloys under controlled processing parameters. Mater. Des. 47, 607–614 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.12.08110.1016/j.matdes.2012.12.081 ↗
9. A.A. El-Daly, A.M. El-Taher, S. Gouda, Development of new multicomponent Sn–Ag–Cu–Bi lead-free solders for low-cost commercial electronic assembly. J. Alloys Compd. 627, 268–275 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.12.03410.1016/j.jallcom.2014.12.034 ↗
10. A.A. El-Daly, A.E. Hammad, G.S. Al-Ganainy, M. Ragab, Influence of Zn addition on the microstructure, melt properties and creep behavior of low Ag-content Sn–Ag–Cu lead-free solders. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 608, 130–138 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.04.07010.1016/j.msea.2014.04.070 ↗
11. L. Gao, S. Xue, L. Zhang, Z. Sheng, F. Ji, W. Dai, S.-l Yu, G. Zeng, Effect of alloying elements on properties and microstructures of SnAgCu solders. Microelectron. Eng. 87, 2025–2034 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2010.04.00710.1016/j.mee.2010.04.007 ↗
12. H.E. Ali, A.M. El-Taher, H. Algarni, Influence of bismuth addition on the physical and mechanical properties of low silver/lead-free Sn-Ag-Cu solder. Mater. Today Commun. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.10911310.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.109113 ↗
13. Y.W. Wang, Y.W. Lin, C.T. Tu, C.R. Kao, Effects of minor Fe, Co, and Ni additions on the reaction between SnAgCu solder and Cu. J. Alloys Compd. 478, 121–127 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.11.05210.1016/j.jallcom.2008.11.052 ↗
14. K. Kanlayasiri, M. Mongkolwongrojn, T. Ariga, Influence of indium addition on characteristics of Sn–0.3Ag–0.7Cu solder alloy. J. Alloys Compd. 485, 225–230 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.06.02010.1016/j.jallcom.2009.06.020 ↗
15. A.E. Hammad, Evolution of microstructure, thermal and creep properties of Ni-doped Sn–0.5Ag–0.7Cu low-Ag solder alloys for electronic applications. Mater. Des. (1980-2015) 52, 663–670 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.05.10210.1016/j.matdes.2013.05.102 ↗
16. Y. Chen, Z.-C. Meng, L.-Y. Gao, Z.-Q. Liu, Effect of Bi addition on the shear strength and failure mechanism of low-Ag lead-free solder joints. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 32, 2172–2186 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04982-410.1007/s10854-020-04982-4 ↗
17. T. Yang, Y. Chen, K. You, Z. Dong, Y. Jia, G. Wang, J. Peng, S. Cai, X. Luo, C. Liu, J. Wang, Effect of Bi, Sb, and Ti on microstructure and mechanical properties of SAC105 alloys. Materials (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1514472710.3390/ma15144727 ↗
18. F. Li, V. Verdingovas, K. Dirscherl, G. Harsányi, B. Medgyes, R. Ambat, Influence of Ni, Bi, and Sb additives on the microstructure and the corrosion behavior of Sn–Ag–Cu solder alloys. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 31, 15308–15321 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04095-y10.1007/s10854-020-04095-y ↗
19. A.H. Nobari, M. Maalekian, K. Seelig, M. Pekguleryuz, Effect of Ag, Ni and Bi additions on solderability of lead-free solders. J. Electron. Mater. 46, 4076–4084 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-016-5181-210.1007/s11664-016-5181-2 ↗
20. F.L. Sun, Y. Liu, Y. Liu, J.B. Wang, H.W. Zhang, Improving low-Ag Pb-free solder performance by adding Bi, Ni elements. Adv. Mater. Res. 189–193, 3498–3502 (2011). https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.189-193.349810.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.189-193.3498 ↗
21. P. Sivakumar, K. O’Donnell, J. Cho, Effects of bismuth and nickel on the microstructure evolution of Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC)-based solders. Mater. Today Commun. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.10178710.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.101787 ↗
22. J. Bandayagari, S. Kudtarkar, A. Raj, S. Saiyed, D. Patel, Y. Zhou, Influence of Nickel and Bismuth Addition on the Mechanical Shear Strength of SAC+ Ni, Bi Solders under Isothermal Aging and Multiple Reflows, 2024 IEEE 74th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC), (2024), pp. 2272–2279.10.1109/ECTC51529.2024.00386 ↗
23. Y. Liu, F. Sun, Y. Liu, X. Li, Effect of Ni, Bi concentration on the microstructure and shear behavior of low-Ag SAC–Bi–Ni/Cu solder joints. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 25, 2627–2633 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-014-1921-310.1007/s10854-014-1921-3 ↗
24. E.A. Eid, A. Fawzy, M.M. Mansour, G. Saad, M. Amin, Microstructural examination and thermodynamic analysis of Sn-1.5Ag-0.5Cu-x mass% Ni lead-free solder alloys. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 149, 4313–4331 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-024-13018-610.1007/s10973-024-13018-6 ↗
25. R. Mayappan, N.A.A. Ghani, I. Yahya, The effect of Ni addition on Cu-Sn intermetallic growth rate values in the SAC solder, (2018)10.1063/1.5066972 ↗
26. R. Sayyadi, H. Naffakh-Moosavy, Physical and mechanical properties of synthesized low Ag/lead-free Sn-Ag-Cu-xBi (x = 0, 1, 2.5, 5 wt%) solders. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 735, 367–377 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.08.07110.1016/j.msea.2018.08.071 ↗
27. N.A.M. Eid, A.A. El-Daly, A.A. Ibrahiem, Mechanical property optimization of Sn-1.5Ag-0.5Cu solder alloys with additions of Bi, In, and Te. Phys. Scr. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad4c1410.1088/1402-4896/ad4c14 ↗
28. M. Jian, S. Hamasha, A. Alahmer, M. Hamasha, X. Wei, M.E.A. Belhadi, K. Hamasha, Analysis and modeling of aged SAC-Bi solder joints subjected to varying stress cycling conditions. Materials (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1602075010.3390/ma16020750 ↗
29. Y. Chen, Y. Gao, Z. Liu, H. Zhang, T. Sugahara, S. Nagao, K. Suganuma, IEEE, Investigation on the melting and tensile properties of Bi-containing SAC105 lead-free solder alloys, 18th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology (ICEPT), (IEEE, Harbin, PEOPLES R CHINA, 2017), pp. 464–468.10.1109/ICEPT.2017.8046495 ↗
30. X. Wang, H. Cui, Y. Xiong, Q. Li, X. Wang, S. Cai, Q. Wang, N. Liu, In-depth investigation of multi-element alloying on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Sn7Sb/Cu joints. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 36, 7318–7329 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.05.01210.1016/j.jmrt.2025.05.012 ↗
31. X. Hu, Y. Lai, X. Jiang, Y. Li, Effects of In addition on the wettability, interfacial characterization and properties of ternary Sn–Cu–Ni solders. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 29, 18840–18851 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-0009-x10.1007/s10854-018-0009-x ↗
32. S. Tian, S. Li, J. Zhou, F. Xue, R. Cao, F. Wang, Effect of indium addition on interfacial IMC growth and bending properties of eutectic Sn–0.7Cu solder joints. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 28, 16120–16132 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-7512-310.1007/s10854-017-7512-3 ↗
33. T. Zhu, Q. Zhang, H. Bai, L. Zhao, J. Yan, Improving tensile strength of SnAgCu/Cu solder joint through multi-elements alloying. Mater. Today Commun. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.10276810.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102768 ↗
34. Y. Zhong, W. Liu, C. Wang, X. Zhao, J.F.J.M. Caers, The influence of strengthening and recrystallization to the cracking behavior of Ni, Sb, Bi alloyed SnAgCu solder during thermal cycling. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 652, 264–270 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.10.07210.1016/j.msea.2015.10.072 ↗
35. M.E.A. Belhadi, F.J. Akkara, R. Athamenh, M. Abueed, S.d. Hamasha, H. Ali, J. Suhling, P. Lall, Ieee, The Effect of Bi on the Mechanical Properties of Aged SAC Solder Joint, 19th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm), (Electr Network, 2020), pp. 1100–1105.10.1109/ITherm45881.2020.9190466 ↗
36. J. Wu, K.M.R. Hassan, M.S. Alam, J.C. Suhling, P. Lall, Ieee, Investigation and Comparison of Aging Effects in SAC plus Bi Solders Exposed to High Temperatures, 20th InterSociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm), (Electr Network, 2021), pp. 868–87510.1109/ITherm51669.2021.9503187 ↗
37. J. Bandayagari, Effects of Adding Nickel and Bismuth in SAC Solder for Second Level Interconnects Under Aging and Multiple Reflows, (2024)
38. J. Bandayagari, S. Kudtarkar, A. Raj, S. Saiyed, D. Patel, Y. Zhou, Influence of Nickel and Bismuth Addition on the Mechanical Shear Strength of SAC plus Ni, Bi Solders under Isothermal Aging and Multiple Reflows. IEEE 74th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC). (IEEE, Denver, CO, 2024), pp. 2272–227910.1109/ECTC51529.2024.00386 ↗
39. Jí. Sopoušek, M. Palcut, E. Hodúlová, J. Janovec, Thermal analysis of the Sn-Ag-Cu-In solder alloy. J. Electron. Mater. 39, 312–317 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-009-1070-210.1007/s11664-009-1070-2 ↗
40. X.-L. Ren, Y.-P. Wang, Y.-Q. Lai, S.-Y. Shi, X.-Y. Liu, L.-J. Zou, N. Zhao, Effects of In addition on microstructure and properties of SAC305 solder. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 33, 3427–3438 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(23)66344-710.1016/s1003-6326(23)66344-7 ↗
41. Y. Gao, X. Bian, X. Qiu, Y. Jia, J. Yi, G. Wang, Investigation of microstructure and mechanical properties of SAC105 solders with Sb, In, Ni, and Bi additions. Materials (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1611405910.3390/ma16114059 ↗
42. S. Oguz, A.M. Erer, Effect of Al addition on microstructure and wetting properties of quinary lead-free solder alloy systems. Phys. Scr. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/acfb4410.1088/1402-4896/acfb44 ↗
43. Z. Moser, P. Fima, K. Bukat, J. Sitek, J. Pstruś, W. Gąsior, M. Kościelski, T. Gancarz, Investigation of the effect of Indium addition on wettability of Sn‐Ag‐Cu solders. Sold. Surf. Mt. Technol. 23, 22–29 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1108/0954091111109967710.1108/09540911111099677 ↗
44. X. Hu, Y.C. Chan, K. Zhang, K.C. Yung, Effect of graphene doping on microstructural and mechanical properties of Sn–8Zn–3Bi solder joints together with electromigration analysis. J. Alloys Compd. 580, 162–171 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.05.12410.1016/j.jallcom.2013.05.124 ↗
45. N.A.A.M. Amin, D.A. Shnawah, S.M. Said, M.F.M. Sabri, H. Arof, Effect of Ag content and the minor alloying element Fe on the electrical resistivity of Sn–Ag–Cu solder alloy. J. Alloys Compd. 599, 114–120 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.02.10010.1016/j.jallcom.2014.02.100 ↗
46. D.A. Shnawah, M.F.M. Sabri, I.A. Badruddin, S.B.M. Said, T. Ariga, F.X. Che, Effect of Ag content and the minor alloying element Fe on the mechanical properties and microstructural stability of Sn-Ag-Cu solder alloy under high-temperature annealing. J. Electron. Mater. 42, 470–484 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-012-2343-810.1007/s11664-012-2343-8 ↗
47. C. Gao, Y. Qiao, N. Zhao, Effects of In addition on the properties of Sn–4Ag–0.5Cu–3Bi–0.05Ni solder. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-13088-010.1007/s10854-024-13088-0 ↗
48. S. Tian, S. Li, J. Zhou, F. Xue, Thermodynamic characteristics, microstructure and mechanical properties of Sn-0.7Cu-xIn lead-free solder alloy. J. Alloys Compd. 742, 835–843 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.01.38610.1016/j.jallcom.2018.01.386 ↗
49. K. Kanlayasiri, K. Sukpimai, Effects of indium on the intermetallic layer between low-Ag SAC0307-xIn lead-free solders and Cu substrate. J. Alloys Compd. 668, 169–175 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.01.23110.1016/j.jallcom.2016.01.231 ↗
50. J. Qiao, X. Mao, L. Xie, S. Xie, K.-N. Tu, Y. Liu, Quaternary low melting point Sn-Bi-In-xGa solder with improved mechanical performance for advanced electronic packaging. Intermetallics (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2024.10853410.1016/j.intermet.2024.108534 ↗
51. T. Xu, X. Hu, J. Li, Q. Li, Fracture behavior and mechanical strength of sandwich structure solder joints with Cu–Ni(P) coating during thermal aging. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 31, 3876–3889 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-02933-710.1007/s10854-020-02933-7 ↗
52. X. Hu, T. Xu, L. Keer, Y. Li, X. Jiang, Microstructure evolution and shear fracture behavior of aged Sn3Ag0.5Cu/Cu solder joints. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 673, 167–177 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.07.07110.1016/j.msea.2016.07.071 ↗
53. N.S.M. Zaimi, M. Salleh, A.V. Sandu, M. Abdullah, N. Saud, S.Z.A. Rahim, P. Vizureanu, R.M. Said, M.I.I. Ramli, Performance of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu composite solder with Kaolin geopolymer ceramic reinforcement on microstructure and mechanical properties under isothermal ageing. Materials (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1404077610.3390/ma14040776 ↗
54. P. Yao, X. Li, X. Han, L. Xu, Shear strength and fracture mechanism for full Cu-Sn IMCs solder joints with different Cu3Sn proportion and joints with conventional interfacial structure in electronic packaging. Sold. Surf. Mount Technol. 31, 6–19 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1108/ssmt-06-2018-001810.1108/ssmt-06-2018-0018 ↗
55. C. Yu, J. Liu, H. Lu, P. Li, J. Chen, First-principles investigation of the structural and electronic properties of Cu6−xNixSn5 (x=0, 1, 2) intermetallic compounds. Intermetallics 15, 1471–1478 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2007.05.00510.1016/j.intermet.2007.05.005 ↗
56. C.-Y. Yu, T.-K. Lee, M. Tsai, K.-C. Liu, J.-G. Duh, Effects of minor Ni doping on microstructural variations and interfacial reactions in Cu/Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi/Au/Ni sandwich structures. J. Electron. Mater. 39, 2544–2552 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-010-1372-410.1007/s11664-010-1372-4 ↗