Influence of Niobium Content on the Thermal Oxidation and Friction Properties of Zirconium-Niobium Alloys

1. K.M. Sherepo and I.A. Redko, Use of Zirconium-Based and Zirconium-Coated Implants in Traumatology and Orthopedics, Biomed. Eng., 2004, 38, p 77–79.10.1023/B:BIEN.0000035726.31175.f8 ↗

2. Z. Wang, Y. Li, H. Dong, and Y. Wang, Achieving Considerable Wear Resistance in new Ti-Based High-Entropy Alloys Through Microstructural Hardening by Adding Nb, Tribol. Int., 2025, 202, 110379.10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110379 ↗

3. P.S. Wu, A.J. Chen, Y.C. Yang, C.W. Hou, S.J. Lin, B.S. Lou, and J.W. Lee, Biofunctional Zr-Ti-Si and Zr-Nb-Fe Thin Film Metallic Glasses with Enhanced Corrosion Resistance and Biocompatibility for Medical Implants, Mater. Des., 2025, 257, 114502.10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114502 ↗

4. M. Yu, H. Doi, Y. Tsutsumi, P. Chen, M. Ashida, S. Kasugai, and T. Hanawa, Formation of White Oxide Layer on Zr-14Nb Alloy Using Thermal Treatment, Dent. Mater. J., 2014, 33(4), p 490–498.10.4012/dmj.2013-323 ↗

5. C. Xia, Q. Liu, T. Song, B. Chen, S. Liu, and Q. Li, Corrosion Behavior and Wear Resistance of Zr-2.5Nb Alloy After Thermal Oxy-Nitriding Treatment, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2022, 446(C), 128756.10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128756 ↗

6. T. Song, S. Liu, B. Chen, Z. Cui, X. Zou, S. Zhang, Q. Li, and C. Xia, Enhanced Corrosion and Wear Resistance via Thermal Oxidation Treatment on Zr-2.5Nb Alloy for Implant Applications, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2023, 458(0), 129365.10.1016/j.surfcoat.2023.129365 ↗

7. W. Shuang, G. Feng, B. Hairui, Y. Hui, and L. Jiajia, 不同电解液体系中锆合金微弧氧化陶瓷层组织结构和耐磨性能(Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Zirconium Alloy Micro-Arc Oxide Ceramic Layers in Different Electrolyte Systems), Rare Metal Mater. Eng., 2010, 4, p 739–742. ((in China))

8. I.A. Petel’guzov, Corrosion of Zr + 2.5% Nb Alloy Hardened by Thermal and Thermomechanical Treatment, Mater. Sci., 2001, 36(5), p 675–682.10.1023/A:1011303706983 ↗

9. K. Zhou, S. Pang, C. Chen, Y. Liu, W. Yang, and T. Zhang, Enhanced Wear Resistance of Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass by Thermal Oxidation Treatment, Mater. Trans., 2017, 58(3), p 520–523.10.2320/matertrans.M2016356 ↗

10. J. Izquierdo, D. Mareci, G. Bolat, J.J. Santana, R. Rodríguez-Raposo, L.C. Fernández-Mérida, L. Burtan, L.C. Trincă, and R.M. Souto, Improvement of the Corrosion Resistance of Biomedical Zr-Ti Alloys Using a Thermal Oxidation Treatment, Metals, 2020, 10(2), p 166.10.3390/met10020166 ↗

11. W. Liu, X. Geng, Q. Liu, Q. Li, M. Yao, and B.H.R. Zhou, Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure of Zr-Sn-Nb Zirconium Alloy Oxide Film, Rare Metal Mater. Eng., 2008, 37(3), p 509–512.

12. M. Mihalache, V. Ionescu, T. Meleg, and M. Pavelescu, Study of Microstructure of Oxidized Zr-2.5%Nb Subjected to Thermal Transient Treatments, Roman. J. Phys., 2011, 56(7–8), p 952–962.

13. S.N. Hussain, A.S. Abdullah, M.A. Hassan, R. Daud, A. Arafat, and M.F. Ahmad, A Review on Wear and Corrosion Behavior of Thermal Oxidation on Titanium-Based Alloy for Biomedical Application, J. Adv. Res. Fluid Mech. Therm. Sci., 2019, 58(2), p 153–160.

14. L.J. Zhou, F. Wang, C. Yang, W.W. Zhang, Z.Y. Xiao, and Y.Y. Li, Improved Mechanical Properties Of Biomedical ZrNbHf Alloy Induced by Oxidation Treatment, Mater. Des., 2015, 78, p 25–32.10.1016/j.matdes.2015.04.017 ↗

15. S. Chen, J. Wu, J. Tu, H. Wang, X. Xiong, Q. Hu, J. Zou and X. Zeng, Effect of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of a Zr-Cu-Ni-Ti-Al Bulk Metallic Glass, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2016, 672, p 32–39.10.1016/j.msea.2016.06.068 ↗

16. C. Jeon, M.C. Jo, and J. Lee, Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Zr-Based Bulk Amorphous Alloys by High Temperature Heat Treatment, Met. Mater. Int., 2020, 26(8), p 1–8.10.1007/s12540-019-00412-1 ↗

17. Y.I. Jung, I.H. Kim, H.G. Kim, H. Jang, and S.J. Lee, Effects of Surface Treatment Using Oxide-Dispersion-Strengthening on the Mechanical Properties of Zr-Based Fuel Cladding Tubes, Korean J. Mater. Res., 2019, 29(4), p 271–276.10.3740/MRSK.2019.29.4.271 ↗

18. F. Rubitschek, G. Purcek, and O. Saray, Effect of Internal Oxidation on Wear Behavior of Ultrafine-Grained Nb-Zr, Acta Mater., 2011, 59(20), p 7683–7694.10.1016/j.actamat.2011.08.028 ↗

19. J. Zhang, X. Gan, H. Tang, and Y. Zhan, Enhancement of Wear and Corrosion Resistance of Low Modulus β-Type Zr-20Nb-xTi (x = 0, 3) Dental Alloys Through Thermal Oxidation Treatment, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2017, 76(0), p 260–268.10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.104 ↗

20. S. Liu, T. Song, Y. Xue, W. Qiu, S. Zhao, X. Li, F. Wang, Y. Yue, and C. Xia, Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Preparation of Zr-Based Oxide Ceramic Layers Via In-Situ Synthesis on ZrNb Alloy Surfaces, Ceram. Int., 2025, 51(12), p 15483–15496.10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.385 ↗

21. S. Wang, R. Jin, Y. Cui, Z. Ye, G. Chen, Z. Jin, Y. Zou, Y. Xing, Y. Wang, J. Ouyang, D. Jia, and Y. Zhou, Corrosion and Friction Characteristics of Microarc Oxidation Coating on Zr-4 Alloy, Ceram. Int., 2025, 51(12), p 15232–15241.10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.359 ↗

22. W. Wang, F. Sun, H. Zhang, J. Huang, X. Yu, and J. Ma, Improvement of High-Temperature Wear Resistance of Zr-Based Metallic Glass by Pre-Oxidation Treatment, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2024, 29, p 2166–2174.10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.01.169 ↗

23. Q. Zheng, J. Zhang, Z. Cao, J. Hao, Y. Chen, C. Zhang, and Y. Hu, Laser Texturing and Thermal Oxidation: A Dual Surface Engineering Strategy Boosting Wear Resistance of Zirconium Alloy, Int. J. Mech. Mater. Des., 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10999-025-09824-x10.1007/s10999-025-09824-x ↗

24. W. Shao, C. Liu, Q. Wu, H. Li, L.A. Angurel, GFdl Fuente, and B. Jiang, Comparison of In-Situ Oxidation Behavior of Zr by Micro-Arc Oxidation and Selective Laser Melting, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2022, 42(14), p 6703–6712.10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.07.005 ↗

25. M. Wang, K. Lv, Z. Du, W. Chen, P. Ji, W. Wang, and Z. Pang, Study on Growth Mechanism and Characteristics of Zirconium Alloy Micro-Arc Oxidation Film, Metals, 2023, 13(5), 935.10.3390/met13050935 ↗

26. Y. Liu, Y. Yang, D. Dong, J. Wang, and L. Zhou, Improving Wear Resistance of Zr-2.5Nb Alloy by Formation of Microtextured Nitride Layer Produced Via Laser Surface Texturing/Plasma Nitriding Technology, Surf. Interfaces, 2020, 20, 100638.10.1016/j.surfin.2020.100638 ↗

27. G. Hunter, J. Dickinson, B. Herb, and R. Graham, Creation of Oxidized Zirconium Orthopaedic Implants, J. ASTM Int. (JAI), 2005, 2(7), p 14.

28. X. Zhao, L. Li, M. Niinomi, M. Nakai, D. Zhang, and C. Suryanarayana, Metastable Zr-Nb Alloys for Spinal Fixation Rods with Tunable Young’s Modulus and Low Magnetic Resonance Susceptibility, Acta Biomater., 2017, 62, p 372–384.10.1016/j.actbio.2017.08.026 ↗

29. P. Chui, Near β-type Zr-Nb-Ti biomedical alloys with high strength and low modulus, Vacuum, 2017, 143(0), p 54–58.10.1016/j.vacuum.2017.05.039 ↗

30. T. Yu, P. Ye, and Z. Chang, The Oxidization Behavior of Zr-2.5Nb(wt.%) Alloy in Dry Air, High Temp. Corros. Mater., 2023, 99(3–4), p 219–240.10.1007/s11085-023-10149-3 ↗

31. H.-G. Kim, I.-H. Kim, B.-K. Choi, and J.-Y. Park, A Study of the Breakaway Oxidation Behavior of Zirconium Cladding Materials, J. Nuclear Mater., 2011, 418(1–3), p 186–197.10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.06.039 ↗

32. Y. Qiang, X. Shitong, Z. Jianan, Y. Meiyi, H. Lijuan, X. Yaoping, and Z. Bangxin, Zr-0.75Sn-0.35Fe-0.15Cr-xNb合金在高温空气/蒸汽混合气氛中的氧化行为 (Oxidation Behavior of Zr-0.75Sn-0.35Fe-0.15Cr-xNb Alloy in a High-Temperature Air/Steam Mixed Atmosphere), J. Metall. Soc., 2025, 61(11), p 1689–1702.

33. H. Jiansong, P. Wen, X. Shitong, B. Yong, Y. Meiyi, H. Lijuan, X. Yaoping, and Z. Bangxin, Degradation Mechanism on Corrosion Resistance of High Nb-Containing Zirconium Alloys in Oxygen-Containing Steam, Acta Metall. Sin., 2024, 60(4), p 509–521.

34. M. Moorehead, Z. Yu, L. Borrel, J. Hu, Z. Cai, and A. Couet, Comprehensive Investigation of the Role of Nb on the Oxidation Kinetics of Zr-Nb Alloys, Corros. Sci., 2019, 155(0), p 173–181.10.1016/j.corsci.2019.04.017 ↗

35. Y. Ding, S. Liu, C. Xia, X. Zou, D. Liu, Y. Wang, T. Yang, and Q. Li, Thermal Oxidation of Novel Zr-Ti-Al-V Alloy with High Strength and Toughness and Its Influence on the Corrosion Behavior, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2021, 423(0), 127576.10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127576 ↗

36. W. Cui and C. Shao, The Improved Corrosion Resistance and Anti-Wear Performance of Zr-xTi Alloys by Thermal Oxidation Treatment, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2015, 283(0), p 101–107.10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.10.051 ↗