Research on Solid Waste-based High Belite Sulfoaluminate Cement: RSM-Optimized Preparation and Properties Evaluation

1. L. Li, P. Joseph, X. Zhang et al., A Study of Some Relevant Properties of Concrete Incorporating Waste Ceramic Powder as a Cement Replacement agent, J. Build. Eng., 2024, 87, p 109106.10.1016/j.jobe.2024.109106 ↗

2. O.E. Ige, O.A. Olanrewaju, K.J. Duffy et al., A Review of the Effectiveness of Life Cycle Assessment for Gauging Environmental Impacts from Cement Production, J. Clean. Prod., 2021, 324, p 129213.10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129213 ↗

3. M.Z. Guo, X. Fei, C. Pei et al., Environmentally-Optimized Photocatalytic NOX Degradation in Cement Mortars Utilizing Recycled Red Brick and Waste Glass for Sustainable Management, J. Environ. Manage., 2025, 375, p 124209.10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124209 ↗

4. L. Tao, F. Deng, K. Xu et al., Effect of Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement on the Hydration Process and Water Resistance of Phosphogypsum Slag Cement, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2024, 33, p 5375–5383.10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.10.166 ↗

5. Y. Zhang and T.C. Ling, Reactivity Activation of Waste Coal Gangue and its Impact on the Properties of Cement-Based Materials: A Review, Constr. Build. Mater., 2020, 234, p 117424.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117424 ↗

6. V. Isteri, K. Ohenoja, T. Hanein et al., Ferritic Calcium Sulfoaluminate Belite Cement from Metallurgical Industry Residues and Phosphogypsum: Clinker Production, Scale-Up, and Microstructural Characterisation, Cem. Concr. Res., 2022, 154, p 106715.10.1016/j.cemconres.2022.106715 ↗

7. O. Canbek, S. Shakouri, and S.T. Erdoğan, Laboratory Production of Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cements with High Industrial Waste Content, Cem. Concr. Compos., 2020, 106, p 103475.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2019.103475 ↗

8. X. Cai, D. Yang, D. Zhang et al., Development of High-Early-Strength Low-Carbon Engineered Cementitious Composites with Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement Incorporating High-Volume Fly Ash, Case Stud. Constr. Mater., 2023, 18, p e01959.

9. Y. Gao, Z. Li, J. Zhang et al., Synergistic Use of Industrial Solid Wastes to Prepare Belite-Rich Sulphoaluminate Cement and its Feasibility Use in Repairing Materials, Constr. Build. Mater., 2020, 264, p 120201.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120201 ↗

10. X. Wang, M.Z. Guo, G. Yue et al., Synthesis of High Belite Sulfoaluminate Cement with High Volume of Mixed Solid Wastes, Cem. Concr. Res., 2022, 158, p 106845.10.1016/j.cemconres.2022.106845 ↗

11. S. Zhang, Q. Wang, W. Zhou et al., A Fast-Setting and Eco-Friendly Superhydrophobic High Belite Sulphoaluminate Cement Mortar, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2023, 23, p 2690–2702.10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.01.160 ↗

12. M. Hu, Y. Liao, Z. Cai et al., Early Hydration and Mechanical Properties of High-Belite Sulfoaluminate Cement Blended with Ferrite, Constr. Build. Mater., 2025, 489, p 142138.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142138 ↗

13. D. Su, Q. Li, Y. Guo et al., Effect of Residual CaSO4 in Clinker on Properties of High Belite Sulfoaluminate Cement Based on Solid Wastes, Materials, 2020, 13(2), p 429.10.3390/ma13020429 ↗

14. X. Chen, J. Li, Z. Lu et al., The Role of Brownmillerite in Preparation of High-Belite Sulfoaluminate Cement Clinker, Appl. Sci., 2022, 12(10), p 4980.10.3390/app12104980 ↗

15. D. Su, G. Yue, Q. Li et al., Research on the Preparation and Properties of High Belite Sulphoaluminate Cement (HBSAC) Based on Various Industrial Solid Wastes, Materials, 2019, 12(9), p 1510.10.3390/ma12091510 ↗

16. S. Wu, Y. Yao, X. Yao et al., Co-Preparation of Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement and Sulfuric Acid through Mass Utilization of Industrial by-Product Gypsum, J. Clean. Prod., 2020, 265, p 121801.10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121801 ↗

17. G. Gao, B. Wen, Y. Li et al., Effect of Temperature on Thermal Properties and Residual Strength of Coal Gangue Concrete, Case Stud. Therm. Eng., 2024, 53, p 103792.10.1016/j.csite.2023.103792 ↗

18. H. Sutar, S. C. Mishra, S. K. Sahoo, et al. Progress of Red Mud Utilization: An Overview. (2014), 4(3), 255-27910.9734/ACSJ/2014/7258 ↗

19. S. Galluccio, T. Beirau, and H. Pöllmann, Maximization of the Reuse of Industrial Residues for the Production of Eco-Friendly CSA-Belite Clinker, Constr. Build. Mater., 2019, 208, p 250–257.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.02.148 ↗

20. A. Telesca, T. Matschei and M. Marroccoli, Study of Eco-Friendly Belite-Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cements Obtained from Special Wastes, Appl. Sci., 2020, 10(23), p 8650.10.3390/app10238650 ↗

21. F. Li, Research of Preparing Sulphate Aluminium Cement Using Calcium and Aluminum Residue and Low Grade Bauxite, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 2012.

22. Y. Shen, J. Qian, Y. Huang et al., Synthesis of Belite Sulfoaluminate-Ternesite Cements with Phosphogypsum, Cem. Concr. Compos., 2015, 63, p 67–75.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2015.09.003 ↗

23. F. Bullerjahn, D. Schmitt, and M.B. Haha, Effect of Raw Mix Design and of Clinkering Process on the Formation and Mineralogical Composition of (ternesite) Belite Calcium Sulphoaluminate Ferrite Clinker, Cem. Concr. Res., 2014, 59, p 87–95.10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.02.004 ↗

24. H. Li, D.K. Agrawal, J. Cheng et al., Microwave Sintering of Sulphoaluminate Cement with Utility Wastes, Cem. Concr. Res., 2001, 31(9), p 1257–1261.10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00579-8 ↗

25. K. Kawai and M. Osako, Reduction of Natural Resource Consumption in Cement Production in Japan by Waste Utilization, J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag., 2012, 14(2), p 94–101.10.1007/s10163-012-0042-4 ↗

26. F. Wu, Y. Ren, G. Qu et al., Utilization Path of Bulk Industrial Solid Waste: A Review on the Multi-Directional Resource Utilization Path of Phosphogypsum, J. Environ. Manage., 2022, 313, p 114957.10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114957 ↗

27. R. Kikuchi, Recycling of Municipal Solid Waste for Cement Production: Pilot-Scale Test for Transforming Incineration Ash of Solid Waste into Cement Clinker, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 2001, 31(2), p 137–147.10.1016/S0921-3449(00)00077-X ↗

28. W. Wang, X. Wang, J. Zhu et al., Experimental Investigation and Modeling of Sulfoaluminate Cement Preparation Using Desulfurization Gypsum and Red Mud, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2013, 52(3), p 1261–1266.10.1021/ie301364c ↗

29. J. Zhang, Y. Li, Z. Hang et al., Study on the Preparation and Properties of High-Performance Foamed Cement by Multi-Factor Optimization, Constr. Build. Mater., 2024, 447, p 138110.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.138110 ↗

30. Y. Li, H. Zhang, Q. Fang et al., Optimization of Mechanical Properties and Water Resistance of Sawdust-Magnesium Oxychloride Cement Composites Based on Orthogonal Tests, Constr. Build. Mater., 2024, 439, p 137300.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.137300 ↗

31. D.Q. Fan, R. Yu, Z.H. Shui et al., A New Design Approach of Steel Fibre Reinforced Ultra-High Performance Concrete Composites: Experiments and Modeling, Cem. Concr. Compos., 2020, 110, p 103597.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103597 ↗

32. K. Li, Y. Wang, X. Zhang et al., Raw Material Ratio Optimisation of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement Using Response Surface Method, Constr. Build. Mater., 2021, 272, p 121648.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121648 ↗

33. D. Jansen, A. Spies, J. Neubauer et al., Studies on the Early Hydration of Two Modifications of Ye’elimite with Gypsum, Cem. Concr. Res., 2017, 91, p 106–116.10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.11.009 ↗

34. M.O. Mohsen, R. Taha, A.A. Taqa et al., Optimum Carbon Nanotubes’ Content for Improving Flexural and Compressive Strength of Cement Paste, Constr. Build. Mater., 2017, 150, p 395–403.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.020 ↗

35. X. Wang, Z. Xie, Z. Huo, Q. Shi, H. Luo, and S. Ji, Effect of Boron Doping and Cooling Condition on Polymorph and Early Strength of Dicalcium Silicate, Constr. Build. Mater., 2025, 469, p 140508.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140508 ↗