Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis of Na0.44MnO2/CQDs Composites as Cathode Materials with Long Life and Rate Capability for Sodium-Ion Batteries

1. L. Xie, W. Zhang, X. Chen, R. Shan, Q. Han, X. Qiu, N. Oli, J.F. Florez Gomez, L. Zhu, X. Wu, and X. Cao, Bimetallic cobalt–nickel selenide nanocubes embedded in a nitrogen-doped carbon matrix as an excellent Li-ion battery anode. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 15(21), 25536 (2023).10.1021/acsami.3c02865 ↗

2. J. Xu, L. Xie, Y. Niu, H. Chen, Y. Zhang, Y. Jiang, Q. Han, X. Qiu, Y. Miao, L. Zhu, and X. Cao, Nitrogen-doped carbon decorated 3D NiCoSe2 micro-flowers as high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 25(16), 11530 (2023).10.1039/D3CP00228D ↗

3. S.M. Abu, M.A. Hannan, M.H. Lipu, M. Mannan, P.J. Ker, M.J. Hossain, and T.I. Mahlia, State of the art of lithium-ion battery material potentials: An analytical evaluations, issues and future research directions. J. Clean. Prod. 25(394), 136246 (2023).10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136246 ↗

4. C. Du, Z. Zhao, H. Liu, F. Song, L. Chen, Y. Cheng, and Z. Guo, The status of representative anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Chem. Rec. 23(5), 202300004 (2023).10.1002/tcr.202300004 ↗

5. Y. Ding, L. Xie, Y. Zhang, X. Chen, Y. Niu, J. Xu, Q. Han, X. Qiu, Y. Miao, Y. Xiao, L. Zhu, and X. Cao, Carbon quantum dots modified small molecular quinone salt as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. J. Electroanal. Chem. 928, 117054 (2023).10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.117054 ↗

6. X. Yin, L. Zhu, Y. Zhang, X. Yang, L. Xie, Q. Han, I. Ullah, W. Hou, X. Wu, and X. Cao, Sodium titanate nanorods decorated with silver nanoparticles as a high-performance anode material for sodium-ion batteries. Electrochim. Acta 469, 143226 (2023).10.1016/j.electacta.2023.143226 ↗

7. S. Deka, Nanostructured mixed transition metal oxide spinels for supercapacitor applications. Dalton Trans. 52(4), 839 (2023).10.1039/D2DT02733J ↗

8. Q. Liu, Z. Hu, W. Li, C. Zou, H. Jin, S. Wang, S. Chou, and S.-X. Dou, Sodium transition metal oxides: The preferred cathode choice for future sodium-ion batteries? Eng. Environ. Sci. 14(1), 158 (2021).

9. M.-S. Park, J. Kim, K.J. Kim, J.-W. Lee, J.H. Kim, and Y. Yamauchi, Porous nanoarchitectures of spinel-type transition metal oxides for electrochemical energy storage systems. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17(46), 30963 (2015).10.1039/C5CP05936D ↗

10. S. Li, Y. Sun, Y. Pang, S. Xia, T. Chen, H. Sun, S. Zheng, and T. Yuan, Recent developments of layered transition metal oxide cathodes for sodium-ion batteries toward desired high performance. Asia-Pac. J. Chem. Eng. 17(4), e2762 (2022).10.1002/apj.2762 ↗

11. A. Ramesh, A. Tripathi, and P. Balaya, A mini review on cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. 19(2), 913 (2021).10.1111/ijac.13920 ↗

12. H. Xu, Q. Yan, W. Yao, C.-S. Lee, and Y. Tang, Mainstream optimization strategies for cathode materials of sodium-ion batteries. Small Struct. 3(4), 2100217 (2022).10.1002/sstr.202100217 ↗

13. Y. Cao, M. Xiao, W. Dong, T. Cai, H. Bi, and F. Huang, Intrinsic pseudocapacitive Na0.44MnO2 prepared by novel ion-exchange method for high-rate and robust sodium-ion storage. Sci. China Mater. 66(10), 3810 (2023).10.1007/s40843-023-2562-7 ↗

14. Y. Liu, X. Cui, Y. Cao, G. Li, J. Chen, and Y. Wang, Low-cost H2/Na0.44MnO2 gas battery for large-scale energy storage. ACS Eng. Lett. 8(8), 3639 (2023).10.1021/acsenergylett.3c01116 ↗

15. J. Chen, Z. Hou, L. Zhang, W. Mao, T. Zhang, X. Zhang, and Y. Qian, An advanced medium-entropy substituted tunnel-type Na 0.44 MnO2 cathode for high-performance sodium-ion batteries. Inorg. Chem. Front. 10(3), 841 (2023).10.1039/D2QI01567F ↗

16. X. Zhou, A. Zhao, Z. Chen, and Y. Cao, Research progress of tunnel-structural Na0.44MnO2 cathode for sodium-ion batteries: a mini review. Electrochem. Commun. 122, 106897 (2021).10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106897 ↗

17. B. Fu, Y. Su, J. Yu, S. Xie, and J. Li, Single crystalline nanorods of Na0.44MnO2 enhanced by reduced graphene oxides as a high rate and high capacity cathode material for sodium-ion batteries. Electrochim. Acta 303, 125 (2019).10.1016/j.electacta.2019.02.074 ↗

18. W.G. Hong, B.H. Kim, S.M. Lee, H.Y. Yu, Y.J. Yun, Y. Jun, J.B. Lee, and H.J. Kim, Agent-free synthesis of graphene oxide/transition metal oxide composites and its application for hydrogen storage. Int. J. Hydrogen Eng. 37(9), 7594 (2012).10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.02.010 ↗

19. J. Lach, K. Wróbel, J. Wróbel, and A. Czerwiński, Applications of carbon in rechargeable electrochemical power sources: a review. Eng. 14(9), 2649 (2021).

20. S.Y. Lim, W. Shen, and Z. Gao, Carbon quantum dots and their applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 44(1), 362 (2015).10.1039/C4CS00269E ↗

21. D. Rocco, V.G. Moldoveanu, M. Feroci, M. Bortolami, and F. Vetica, Electrochemical synthesis of carbon quantum dots. Chem. Electro. Chem 10(3), 202201104 (2023).

22. M. Shaker, T. Shahalizade, A. Mumtaz, M.H. Saznaghi, S. Javanmardi, M.A. Gaho, W. Cao, W. Hu, Z. Jin, Q. Ge, and A.A. Ghazvini, A review on the role of graphene quantum dots and carbon quantum dots in secondary-ion battery electrodes. Flat. Chem. 1(40), 100516 (2023).10.1016/j.flatc.2023.100516 ↗

23. B. Thangaraj, P.R. Solomon, and J. Hassan, Nanocarbon in sodium-ion batteries: a review. Part 1: Zero-dimensional carbon dots. Chem. Bio. Eng. Rev. 10(5), 628 (2023).

24. H. Hou, C.E. Banks, M. Jing, Y. Zhang, and X. Ji, Carbon quantum dots and their derivative 3D porous carbon frameworks for sodium-ion batteries with ultralong cycle life. Adv. Mater. 27(47), 7861 (2015).10.1002/adma.201503816 ↗

25. S. Cao, X. Xu, Q. Liu, H. Chen, H. Zhu, and Y. Lin, Co quantum dots embedded in modified montmorillonite loaded with graphitized carbon as an ultra-stable anode material for sodium-ion battery. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 650, 1073 (2023).10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.064 ↗

26. X. Huang, R. Bao, and J.-H. Yi, Improving effect of carbonized quantum dots (CQDs) in pure copper matrix composites. J. Cent. South Univ. 28(4), 1255 (2021).10.1007/s11771-021-4693-y ↗

27. B. Thangaraj, P.R. Solomon, S. Chuangchote, N. Wongyao, and W. Surareungchai, Biomass-derived carbon quantum dots: a review. Part 2: application in batteries. Chem. Bio. Eng. Rev. 8(4), 302 (2021).

28. D. Wang, Q. Wang, M. Tan, S. Wang, S. Luo, P. Hou, Y. Zhang, S. Yan, and X. Liu, Biomass CQDs derivate carbon as high-performance anode for K-ion battery. J. Alloy. Compd. 922, 166260 (2022).10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.166260 ↗

29. J. Li, L. Li, H. Shi, Z. Zhong, X. Niu, P. Zeng, Z. Long, X. Chen, J. Peng, Z. Luo, X. Wang, and S. Liang, Electrochemical energy storage behavior of Na0.44MnO2 in aqueous zinc-ion battery. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 8(29), 10673 (2020).

30. J. He, G. Melinte, M.S.D. Darma, W. Hua, C. Das, A. Schökel, M. Etter, A.L. Hansen, L. Mereacre, U. Geckle, T. Bergfeldt, Z. Sun, M. Knapp, H. Ehrenberg, and J. Maibach, Surface structure evolution and its impact on the electrochemical performances of aqueous-processed high-voltage spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathodes in lithium-ion batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 32(46), 2207937 (2022).10.1002/adfm.202207937 ↗

31. S. Jin, O. Allam, K. Lee, J. Lim, M.J. Lee, S.H. Loh, S.S. Jang, and S.W. Lee, Carbon quantum dot modified reduced graphene oxide framework for improved alkali metal ion storage performance. Small 18(35), 2202898 (2022).10.1002/smll.202202898 ↗

32. C. Ma, K. Dai, H. Hou, X. Ji, L. Chen, D.G. Ivey, and W. Wei, High ion-conducting solid-state composite electrolytes with carbon quantum dot nanofillers. Adv. Sci. 5(5), 1700996 (2018).10.1002/advs.201700996 ↗

33. S.K. Mandal, S. Paul, S. Datta, and D. Jana, Nitrogenated CQD decorated ZnO nanorods towards rapid photodegradation of rhodamine B: a combined experimental and theoretical approach. Appl. Surf. Sci. 563, 150315 (2021).10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.150315 ↗

34. T. Zhou, L. Xie, Q. Han, X. Yang, L. Zhu, and X. Cao, Investigation of Na6V10O28 as a promising rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries cathode. Chem. Eng. J. 445, 136789 (2022).10.1016/j.cej.2022.136789 ↗

35. C. Pan, L. Xie, T. Zhou, X. Yin, Y. Niu, J. Xu, Q. Han, X. Yang, L. Zhu, and X. Cao, N-doped carbon coated NaV3O8 cathodes towards high-capacity and ultrafast Na-ion storage. Ceram. Int. 48(14), 19776 (2022).10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.03.247 ↗

36. L. Zhu, L. Xie, and X. Cao, LiV3O8/polydiphenylamine composites with significantly improved electrochemical behavior as cathode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10(13), 10909 (2018).10.1021/acsami.8b00364 ↗

37. B. Ding, C.P. Li, J. Tang, J.J. Fan, X.S. Fan, and Y.Z. Ma, Preparation and electrochemical performance study of NMOVC cathode composite materials for aqueous sodium-ion batteries. Ionics 31(10), 10417 (2025).10.1007/s11581-025-06590-w ↗

38. W. Liu, Q.C. Ren, M. Yang, L. Liu, Y. Zhang, D. Su, J.X. Wen, Q.F. Wang, X.Y. Wang, and Y. Feng, Na0.44MnO2 coated with In2O3 as a high-voltage cathode for sodium-ion batteries. J. Alloys Compd. 896, 163087 (2022).10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.163087 ↗

39. Y. Zhang, L. Liu, S. Jamil, J.J. Xie, W. Liu, J. Xia, S. Nie, and X.Y. Wang, Al2O3 coated Na0.44MnO2 as high-voltage cathode for sodium ion batteries. Appl. Surf. Sci. 494, 1156 (2019).10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.07.247 ↗

40. I. Anconina, O. Holtzman, D. Levy, P. Shekhter, and D. Golodnitsky, Mg3(PO4)2 surface modification regulating interfacial chemistry and Na+ transport in tunnel-type Na0.44MnO2 cathode. ACS Appl. Eng. Mater. 9, 5320 (2026).

41. H. Li, S.Y. Liu, H.M. Wang, B. Wang, P. Sheng, L. Xu, G.Y. Zhao, H.T. Bai, X. Chen, Y.L. Cao, and Z.X. Chen, Improved sodium storage performance of Na0.44MnO2 cathode at a high temperature by Al2O3 coating. Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 35(12), 1357 (2019).10.3866/PKU.WHXB201902021 ↗

42. S. Wang, W. Li, D. Sun, Y. Guo, Z. Liu, and G.-C. Han, Improvement of the electrochemical properties of Na2MnPO4F by dual modification of Na3V2(PO4)2F3 and Ti3C2-CQDs. Ionics 29(11), 4639 (2023).10.1007/s11581-023-05208-3 ↗

43. K.H. Kim and H.J. Ahn, Surface functional group-tailored B and N co-doped carbon quantum dot anode for lithium-ion batteries. Int. J. Eng. Res. 46(6), 8367 (2022).

44. Y. Niu, L. Xie, T. Zhou, J. Xu, Y. Ding, Q. Han, X. Qiu, Y. Xiao, Y. Miao, L. Zhu, and X. Cao, Cathode materials based on LiV3O8 nanostructures for sodium-ion batteries. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 6(1), 622 (2022).10.1021/acsanm.2c04736 ↗

45. T. Zhou, L.-L. Xie, Y. Niu, H.-R. Xiao, Y.-J. Li, Q. Han, X.-J. Qiu, X.-L. Yang, X.-Y. Wu, L.-M. Zhu, H. Pang, and X.-Y. Cao, New insights on (V10O28)6−-based electrode materials for energy storage: a brief review. Rare Met. 42(5), 1431 (2023).10.1007/s12598-022-02207-7 ↗