In-situ metal binder-phase formation to make WC-FeNi Cermets with spark plasma sintering from WC, Fe, Ni, and carbon powders
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract High-density WC-FeNi ceramic-metal (cermet) composites were fabricated using liquid-phase spark plasma sintering/field-assisted sintering technology (SPS/FAST) with in-situ formation of metal binder phase. The precursor materials were micron-sized powders of WC, Fe, Ni, and C. A low melting point from a eutectic reaction of the powders enabled the in-situ formation of FeNi alloy and facilitates liquid-phase sintering of the WC. The carbon powder was added to stabilize the formation of the binder phase. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was performed to measure grain size and orientation. The composite exhibited a 99% theoretical density and a microstructure consisting of rounded and contiguous WC grains. The average grain size is 10.5 μm. The composite has a maximum hardness of 16.1 GPa. This research provides a fast and cost-effective approach to fabricate hard metals.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (30)
Show source-provided references
1. Influence of temperature, grain size and cobalt content on the hardness of WC–co alloys10.1016/S0263-4368(98)00038-9 ↗
2. Cobalt capping on WC–co hardmetals. Part I: a mechanism explaining the presence or absence of cobalt layers on hardmetal articles during sintering10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2013.08.016 ↗
3. Role of binder phase in cemented tungsten carbide-cobalt alloys
4. Transformation-toughening in cemented carbides: part I. binder composition control10.1007/BF02647089 ↗
5. Relation of strength, composition, and grain size of sintered WC-co alloys10.1007/BF03377497 ↗
6. Wear mechanisms of WC–co cutting tools from high-speed tribological tests10.1016/j.wear.2008.12.035 ↗
7. Wear processes exhibited by WC-co rotary cutters in mining10.1016/0043-1648(74)90139-2 ↗
8. Spark plasma sintering behavior of nanocrystalline WC–10Co cemented carbide powders10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00605-6 ↗
9. Preparation and sintering of WC–co composite powders for coarse grained WC–8Co hardmetals10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2014.04.004 ↗
10. High-pressure sintering of WC powder and WC–Co mixed powder10.2320/matertrans1960.8.207 ↗
11. WC-(Fe,Ni,C) hardmetals with improved toughness through isothermal heat treatments10.1007/BF00349891 ↗
12. Martensitic transformations in cermets with a metastable austenitic binder I: WC-(Fe-Ni-C)10.1016/0921-5093(91)90771-E ↗
13. Effects of deep cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and properties of WC—Fe—Ni cemented carbides
14. Highly dense, inexpensive composites via melt infiltration of Ni into WC/Fe preforms10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2019.04.019 ↗
15. Cemented carbide phase diagrams: a review10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2011.02.004 ↗
16. Aspects of sintering of cemented carbides with Fe-based binders10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2014.07.028 ↗
17. Field-assisted sintering technology/spark plasma sintering: mechanisms, materials, and technology developments10.1002/adem.201300409 ↗
18. Fast densification of ultra-high-temperature ceramics by spark plasma sintering10.1111/j.1744-7402.2006.02060.x ↗
19. Temperature and stress fields evolution during spark plasma sintering processes10.1007/s10853-010-4742-7 ↗
20. Infiltration studies of additive manufacture of WC with co using binder jetting and pressureless melt method
21. Study of the liquid-phase sintering process by probabilistic models: application to the coarsening of WC-co cermets10.1111/j.1365-2818.1992.tb03245.x ↗
22. A review of liquid phase migration and methods for fabrication of functionally graded cemented tungsten carbide10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2012.02.006 ↗
23. Fundamental investigations on the spark plasma sintering/synthesis process10.1016/j.msea.2004.11.019 ↗
24. About one stable and three metastable eutectic microconstituents in the Fe–W–C system10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2007.09.001 ↗
25. Growth characteristics and mechanism of carbides precipitated in WC–Fe composite coatings by laser induction hybrid rapid cladding10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.06.115 ↗
26. A new protocol to detect light elements in estuarine sediments by X-ray microanalysis (SEM/EDS)10.1093/jmicro/dfq013 ↗
27. On the quantitative EDS analysis of low carbon concentrations in analytical TEM10.1016/0304-3991(93)90228-P ↗
28. Cemented carbide microstructures: a review10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2018.12.004 ↗
29. A new type of WC–co–Ni–Al cemented carbide: grain size and morphology of γ’-strengthened composite binder phase10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.08.007 ↗
30. Some aspects of the structure of cobalt and nickel binder phases in hardmetals10.1016/j.actamat.2010.12.004 ↗