Development and Greenness Evaluation of a Potentiometric Method for Lomefloxacin Hydrochloride Determination in Urine and Establishment of Cumulative Excretion Pattern

Direct measurement of untreated samples is the greenest methodology in the analytical methods of analysis. Thus development of devices capable of direct measurements without sample pretreatment is the best approach toward green methods of analysis. In this work, a green direct potentiometric method that requires no sample preparation and uses non-hazardous chemicals was developed to determine the antibacterial Lomefloxacin hydrochloride (LOM) in urine via in-house fabricated ion selective electrodes. The sensor was fabricated using a poly vinyl chloride based membrane, potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl) borate as a cation exchanger, 2-Nitrophenyloctylether as a plasticizer and a selective molecular recognition component 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. The proposed sensor was validated according to IUPAC recommendations where it shows a linear dynamic range from 1 × 10 −5 to 1 × 10 −2 mol.L −1 with a Nernstian slope of 58.914 mV/decade. The proposed method was validated according to the FDA guidelines for bioanalytical method validation where good results were obtained. The proposed method was used to determine LOM in real urine samples which therefore enable us to determine LOM cumulative amount in urine. Results obtained upon evaluation of the greenness of the method using Analytical Eco-Scale approach reveal that the proposed method is greener than traditional reported HPLC methods for LOM determination in urine.