Effect of Water Transport on the Production of Hydrogen and Sulfuric Acid in a PEM Electrolyzer

The thermochemical cycle involving the interconversion between sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid is a promising method for efficient, large-scale production of hydrogen. A key step in the process is the oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid in an electrolyzer. Gaseous fed to a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer was previously investigated and was shown to be a promising system for the electrolysis step. A critical factor in the performance of this gas-fed electrolyzer is the management of water since it: ( i ) is needed as a reactant, ( ii ) determines the product sulfuric acid concentration, ( iii ) affects crossover rate, and ( iv ) serves to hydrate the membrane. Therefore, we present a coupled mathematical and experimental study on the effect of water on the production of sulfuric acid in a gas-phase PEM electrolyzer. The model is shown to successfully predict the concentration of sulfuric acid as a function of temperature, current density, pressure differential across the membrane, and membrane thickness.