In Situ Electrochemical Atomic Force Microscope Study on Graphite Electrodes

Topographic and frictional changes on the surface of a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite electrode in ethylene carbonate/ethylmethyl carbonate (1:1) electrolyte were examined during charge and discharge by in situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy and friction force microscopy simultaneously in real‐time. Solid electrolyte interphase film formation commenced at approximately 2 V vs. and stable film formation with an island‐like morphology was observed below approximately 0.9 V vs. . Further experiments on a KS‐44 graphite/polyvinylidene difluoride binder composite electrode showed similar phenomena.