Conversion of Chemically Prepared Interlocked Cubelike Mn[sub 3]O[sub 4] to Birnessite MnO[sub 2] Using Electrochemical Cycling

Interlocked cubelike thin films have been prepared by a simple and low temperature chemical bath deposition method. These interlocked cubelike thin films are further converted into nanoflakes of birnessite using voltammetric cycling in aqueous electrolyte. The process is dynamic potential activated, which causes the formation of sheet-shaped nanoflakes. The films are characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission-scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform IR spectrum, and wettability test. Impedance spectroscopy studies revealed that charge-transfer resistance of the birnessite structure has a lower value than that of the structure. The effect of different numbers of potential cycles on structure, surface morphology, valence states, and contact angles has been investigated. During the cycling process, the supercapacitance of manganese oxide increased by more than 10 times. The maximum supercapacitance achieved at is . The effect of scan rate on the specific capacitance of birnessite electrode has been studied.