Graphitic Carbon Nitride Incorporated Europium Molybdate Composite as an Enhanced Sensing Platform for Electrochemical Detection of Carbendazim in Agricultural Products

The widespread use of carbendazim insecticides has caused substantial concerns to human health due to their coexistence, high toxicity, and persistence. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a carbendazim detection more important for the protection of both humans and the environment safety. A graphitic carbon nitride/europium molybdate ( g -C ₃ N ₄ /EuMoO ₄ ) composite was fabricated using a simple coprecipitation method and utilized for the selective detection of carbendazim. The glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated with g -C ₃ N ₄ /EuMoO ₄ composite electrode (GCE/ g -C ₃ N ₄ /EuMoO ₄ ) was simple, affordable, and offers an excellent platform for the detection of carbendazim. The structure formation was validated by suitable microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Under optimal conditions, the GCE/ g -C ₃ N ₄ /EuMoO ₄ electrode showed excellent electrochemical properties for the detection of carbendazim with a low detection limit (0.04 μ M) (S/N = 3), a large linear response range of 50–400 μ M, and high sensitivity (1.41 μ A μ M ⁻¹ cm ⁻² ). The findings demonstrated that the developed method can be used to analyze food samples. The g -C ₃ N ₄ /EuMoO ₄ demonstrates greater sensitivity toward the electrochemical detection of carbendazim compared with the previous sensors. The GCE/ g -C ₃ N ₄ /EuMoO ₄ electrode was utilized to detect carbendazim in real samples, and the results were satisfactory. Furthermore, the GCE/ g -C ₃ N ₄ /EuMoO ₄ modified electrode offers several interesting properties, stability, reproducibility, repeatability, low cost, and practical applications.