Application of the Kramers–Kronig Relations to Multi-Sine Electrochemical Impedance Measurements
Source abstract
Abstract
Impedance spectra obtained by fast Fourier transformation of the response to a multi-sine potential perturbation are shown to be consistent with the Kramers–Kronig relations, even for systems that are nonlinear and nonstationary. These results, observed for measurements on a Li/SOCl2 battery, were confirmed by numerical simulations. Consistency with the Kramers–Kronig relations was confirmed by use of the measurement model developed by Agrawal et al. and by a linear measurement model approach developed by Boukamp and implemented by Gamry. The present work demonstrates that application of the Kramers–Kronig relations to the results of multi-sine measurements cannot be used to determine whether the experimental system satisfies the conditions of linearity, causality and stability.
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Research context
OpenAlex topics: Analytical Chemistry and Sensors · Electrochemical Analysis and Applications · Conducting polymers and applications
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