Review—Wearable Biofuel Cells: Past, Present and Future

The perspective article provides a detailed description of the major developments in the field of wearable biofuel cells. The article expounds several attributes of this newly emerging technology and its potential to address the energy needs of wearable devices. In addition to discussing important milestones reached in this field, the article also highlights the grand challenges that are presently hindering further development of wearable biofuel cells. Particular emphasis has been devoted to major issues related to biofuel cell stability, need for generating stable, high levels of power, mechanical compliance and resiliency and device aesthetics. In addition to this, the article also offers multiple pathways to address these issues. The article aims at generating interest among researchers with diverse expertise to come together on a common platform to overcome the major challenges faced by the field of wearable biofuel cells. Such collaborative efforts will be essential for the success of wearable biofuel cells and to harness their full potential.