journal article·2015-10

Nitrogen atom shift and the structural change in chromium nitride

Puhua Wan, Zaoli Zhang, David Holec, Rostislav Daniel, Christian Mitterer, Huiping Duan

Acta Materialia· Volume 98
Publisher page

Abstract

The atomic configurations and structural evolution of disordered Cr2N have been investigated by CS-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) imaging, electron diffraction analysis, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and ab initio calculations. The atomic structure of the disordered Cr2N is experimentally confirmed by CS-corrected atomic resolution imaging. Both diffraction and HRTEM image analysis revealed that the disordered Cr2N structure possesses a hexagonal (hcp) arrangement of Cr atoms with N atom random distributions, particularly, N atoms shift away from octahedral interstices at (0 0 1) plane. The nitrogen atom shifts result in a clear reduction of the relative intensity ratio of (0 3 0) to (0 0 2) reflection. It has also been found that the disordered Cr2N can transform into a face-centered cubic (fcc) phase at the specimen surface while chemically retaining a Cr/N atomic ratio close to 2:1. Structurally, such cubic phase is similar to sub-stoichiometric fcc CrN. The analysis corroborated that the structural transformation could be achieved by shearing motion of Cr atoms in (0 0 1) planes. Based on the experimental observations and theoretical calculations, the effects of nitrogen atom redistribution on the structure and the stability of various Cr2N phases are addressed in detail.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Metal and Thin Film Mechanics · MXene and MAX Phase Materials · Semiconductor materials and devices

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (39)

Show source-provided references
1. On the crystal structure of Cr2N precipitates in high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel. III. Neutron diffraction study on the ordered Cr2N superstructure10.1107/S0108768106034173 ↗
2. On the crystal structure of Cr2N precipitates in high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel. II. Order–disorder transition of Cr2N during electron irradiation10.1107/S0108768106003338 ↗
3. Influence of the structure of the composite: ‘nitrided layer/PVD coating’ on the durability of tools for hot working10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00593-9 ↗
4. Structure, bonding and stability of semi-carbides M2C and sub-carbides M4C (M=V, Cr, Nb, Mo, Ta, W): a first principles investigation10.1016/j.physb.2012.05.070 ↗
5. Vacuum encapsulated synthesis of 11.5 K NbC superconductor10.1007/s10948-012-1654-6 ↗
6. Resistivity and structural defects of reactively sputtered TiN and HfN films10.1016/S0040-6090(98)01636-8 ↗
7. Fabrication of nanostructured titanium thin films via N ion implantation and postannealing treatment10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.08.040 ↗
8. Structure determination of ζ-Fe2N by neutron and synchrotron powder diffraction10.1016/0925-8388(95)02097-7 ↗
9. Nitrogen ordering in VN and VN studied by neutron and electron diffraction10.2320/matertrans1960.23.315 ↗
10. Theoretical analysis of occupational ordering in hexagonal compounds: carbides, nitrides and oxides with “ε-type” superstructures10.1016/S0925-8388(00)00814-8 ↗
11. On the crystal structure of Cr2N precipitates in high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel10.1107/S0108768104033919 ↗
12. Cellular precipitation involving both substitutional and interstitial solutes: cellular precipitation of Cr2N in Cr-Ni austenitic steels10.1016/0921-5093(91)90273-P ↗
13. Mechanical properties of isothermally aged high-nitrogen stainless steel10.1007/BF02669416 ↗
14. Statistical model for the non-stoichiometric Cr2N phase10.1016/0022-5088(74)90203-3 ↗
15. Structural, elastic and electron properties of Cr2N: a first-principles study10.1016/j.commatsci.2014.02.035 ↗
16. Thermally induced transitions of CrN thin films10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.03.058 ↗
17. Phase changes of CrN films annealed at high temperature under controlled atmosphere10.1016/S0040-6090(01)01346-3 ↗
18. Characterization of sputter-deposited chromium nitride thin films for hard coatings10.1016/S0257-8972(97)00443-X ↗
19. Corrosion-wear behavior of PVD Cr/CrN multilayer coatings for gear applications10.1016/j.triboint.2008.06.015 ↗
20. Compressibility measurements and phonon spectra of hexagonal transition-metal nitrides at high pressure: ε-TaN, δ-MoN, and Cr2N10.1103/PhysRevB.75.014104 ↗
21. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy using negative spherical aberration10.1017/S1431927604040425 ↗
22. EMS – a software package for electron diffraction analysis and HREM image simulation in materials science10.1016/0304-3991(87)90080-5 ↗
23. Quantitative local profile analysis of nanomaterials by electron diffraction10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.04.019 ↗
24. Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set10.1103/PhysRevB.54.11169 ↗
25. Efficiency of ab-initio total energy calculations for metals and semiconductors using a plane-wave basis set10.1016/0927-0256(96)00008-0 ↗
26. From ultrasoft pseudopotentials to the projector augmented-wave method10.1103/PhysRevB.59.1758 ↗
27. Generalized gradient approximation made simple10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865 ↗
28. Structural stability and thermodynamics of CrN magnetic phases from ab initio calculations and experiment10.1103/PhysRevB.90.184102 ↗
29. Electronic properties of random alloys: special quasi-random structures10.1103/PhysRevB.42.9622 ↗
30. Holec · 2013 · 259
31. H.E. Swanson, N.T. Gilfrich, G.M. Ugrinic, Standard X-ray diffraction powder patterns, National Bureau of Standards (U.S.), Circular, 539(5) (1955) 1–75.
32. TEM study on chromium nitride coatings deposited by reactive sputter method10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.05.022 ↗
33. Edington · 1975
34. Phase transformation in chromium nitride films10.1023/A:1023912225718 ↗
35. Etude cristallographique de Cr(1−x) V(x) N a basse temperature10.1107/S0567740877010164 ↗
36. Insights into the atomic and electronic structure triggered by ordered nitrogen vacancies in CrN10.1103/PhysRevB.87.014104 ↗
37. Structural investigations on ε-phase-type nitrides M3N1+x with M=Mn, Fe, Ni10.1016/S0921-4526(99)01452-0 ↗
38. Please note that for simplification the models used for the DFT calculations exclude the displacement along c axis. Actually, at the exact saddle point position (x is a bit more than 1.0), N atom shift occurs not only along x–y plane but also small magnitude of displacement along c axis. Here, we assume that the case x=1.0 is close to the saddle point, approaching to a maximum of energy barrier.
39. Effect of nitrogen on generalized stacking fault energy and stacking fault width in high nitrogen steels10.1016/j.actamat.2006.02.048 ↗