The influence of the ammonia concentration and the water content on the water sorption behavior of ambient pressure dried silica xerogels
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Porous silica xerogels were synthesized within 10 h by a two-step sol–gel process under atmospheric conditions. In the first step, tetraethylorthosiloxane (TEOS) was hydrolyzed with water using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. In the second step, water and ammonia were added to the prehydrolyzed silica sol prior to the drying of the samples at 150 °C. The influence of the ammonia concentration and the water content on the physicochemical properties and the water sorption behavior of silica xerogels produced in the aforementioned way was investigated. The resulting silica xerogels were characterized by helium pycnometry, scanning electron microscopy, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen sorption, and water sorption. It was shown that a higher ammonia concentration leads to an increased pore size of the silica xerogel which starts to adsorb water at a higher relative pressure. With an increased water content during gelation, the silica xerogel has a higher specific surface area and a higher water sorption capacity. Furthermore, silica xerogels can be tailored by a controlled addition of ammonia and water to have a higher water sorption capacity than the reference silica gel over the whole range of relative pressure.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Aerogels and thermal insulation · Adsorption and Cooling Systems · Layered Double Hydroxides Synthesis and Applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (43)
Show source-provided references
1. Shimooka S, Yamazaki M, Takewaki T, et al. (2007) Improvement of water adsorptivity of activated carbon for adsorption heat pump by hydrophilic treatment. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on EcoTopia Science 2007, ISETS07, pp 174–177
2. Alcañiz-Monge J, Pérez-Cadenas M, Lozano-Castelló D (2010) Influence of pore size distribution on water adsorption on silica gels. J Porous Mater 17:409–416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-009-9317-010.1007/s10934-009-9317-0 ↗
3. Huber L, Ruch P, Hauert R et al. (2016) Monolithic nitrogen-doped carbon as a water sorbent for high-performance adsorption cooling. RSC Adv 6:25267–25278. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA00548A10.1039/C6RA00548A ↗
4. Huber L, Ruch P, Hauert R et al. (2016) Water sorption behavior of physically and chemically activated monolithic nitrogen doped carbon for adsorption cooling. RSC Adv 6:80729–80738. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA18660B10.1039/C6RA18660B ↗
5. Xu R, Pang W, Yu J et al. (2010) Chemistry of zeolites and related porous materials: synthesis and structure. Chem Zeolites Relat Porous Mater Synth Struct. https://doi.org/10.1002/978047082237110.1002/9780470822371 ↗
6. Henninger SK, Schmidt FP, Henning H-M (2010) Water adsorption characteristics of novel materials for heat transformation applications. Appl Therm Eng 30:1692–1702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2010.03.02810.1016/j.applthermaleng.2010.03.028 ↗
7. Ohashi F, Maeda M, Inukai K et al. (1999) Study on intelligent humidity control materials: water vapor adsorption properties of mesostructured silica derived from amorphous fumed silica. J Mater Sci 4:1341–134610.1023/A:1004510417593 ↗
8. Fidalgo A, Rosa ME, Ilharco LM (2003) Chemical control of highly porous silica xerogels: physical properties and morphology. Chem Mater 15:2186–219210.1021/cm031013p ↗
9. Fidalgo A, Ilharco LM (2004) Chemical tailoring of porous silica xerogels: local structure by vibrational spectroscopy. Chem - A Eur J 10:392–398. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.20030507910.1002/chem.200305079 ↗
10. Collins KE, De Camargo VR, Dimiras AB et al. (2005) Physisorbed water layer formation on fully hydroxylated mesoporous silicas. J Colloid Interface Sci 291:353–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2005.05.02210.1016/j.jcis.2005.05.022 ↗
11. Wang D, Zhang J, Yang Q et al. (2014) Study of adsorption characteristics in silica gel – water adsorption refrigeration. Adsorpt J Int Adsorpt Soc 113:734–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.08.01110.1016/j.apenergy.2013.08.011 ↗
12. Li X, Li Z, Xia Q, Xi H (2007) Effects of pore sizes of porous silica gels on desorption activation energy of water vapour. Appl Therm Eng 27:869–876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.09.01010.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.09.010 ↗
13. Hwang J, Kataoka S, Endo A, Daiguji H (2015) Adsorption and desorption of water in two-dimensional hexagonal mesoporous silica with different pore dimensions. J Phys Chem C 119:26171–26182. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b0856410.1021/acs.jpcc.5b08564 ↗
14. Takei T, Yamazaki A, Watanabe T, Chikazawa M (1997) Water adsorption properties on porous silica glass surface modified by trimethylsilyl groups. J Colloid Interface Sci 188:409–414. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1997.477710.1006/jcis.1997.4777 ↗
15. Feng A, McCoy BJ, Munir ZA, Cagliostro DE (1996) Water adsorption and desorption kinetics on silica insulation. J Colloid Interface Sci 180:276–284. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1996.030010.1006/jcis.1996.0300 ↗
16. Saliba S, Ruch P, Volksen W et al. (2016) Combined influence of pore size distribution and surface hydrophilicity on the water adsorption characteristics of micro- and mesoporous silica. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 226:221–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2015.12.02910.1016/j.micromeso.2015.12.029 ↗
17. Hertl W, Hair ML (1969) Adsorption of water on silica. Nature 223:1150–1151. https://doi.org/10.1038/224488a010.1038/224488a0 ↗
18. Klier K, Shen JH, Zettlemoyer AC (1973) Water on silica and silicate surfaces. I. Partially hydrophobic silicas. J Phys Chem 77:1458–1465. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100630a02610.1021/j100630a026 ↗
19. Ugliengo P, Saunders V, Garrone E (1990) Silanol as a model for the free hydroxyl of amorphous silica - abinitio calculations of the interaction with water. J Phys Chem 94:2260–2267. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100369a01310.1021/j100369a013 ↗
20. Shen JH, Klier K (1980) Water on silica and silicate surfaces. V. Amorphous, porous, hydrophilic, phosphorus-doped silicas. J Colloid Interface Sci 75:56–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(80)90349-510.1016/0021-9797(80)90349-5 ↗
21. Hall PG, Pidduck A, Wright CJ (1981) Inelastic neutron scattering by water adsorbed on silica. J Colloid Interface Sci 79:339–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(81)90085-010.1016/0021-9797(81)90085-0 ↗
22. Horikawa T, Do DD, Nicholson D (2011) Capillary condensation of adsorbates in porous materials. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 169:40–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2011.08.00310.1016/j.cis.2011.08.003 ↗
23. Miyahara M, Kanda H, Yoshioka T, Okazaki M (2000) Modeling capillary condensation in cylindrical nanopores: a molecular dynamics study. Langmuir 16:4293–4299. https://doi.org/10.1021/la991227e10.1021/la991227e ↗
24. Ng KC, Chua HT, Chung CY et al. (2001) Experimental investigation of the silica gel–water adsorption isotherm characteristics. Appl Therm Eng 21:1631–1642. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-4311(01)00039-410.1016/S1359-4311(01)00039-4 ↗
25. Satoh S, Matsuyama I, Susa K (1995) Diffusion of gases in porous silica gel. J Non Cryst Solids 190:206–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(95)00275-810.1016/0022-3093(95)00275-8 ↗
26. Aristov YI, Tokarev MM, Freni A et al. (2006) Kinetics of water adsorption on silica Fuji Davison RD. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 96:65–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2006.06.00810.1016/j.micromeso.2006.06.008 ↗
27. Rodrigues Mota TL, Marques de Oliveira AP, Nunes EHM, Houmard M (2017) Simple process for preparing mesoporous sol-gel silica adsorbents with high water adsorption capacities. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 253:177–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2017.07.01010.1016/j.micromeso.2017.07.010 ↗
28. Brewer CE, Chuang VJ, Masiello CA et al. (2014) New approaches to measuring biochar density and porosity. Biomass and Bioenergy 66:176–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.03.05910.1016/j.biombioe.2014.03.059 ↗
29. Brunauer S, Emmett PH, Teller E (1938) Gases in multimolecular Layers. J Am Chem Soc 60:309–31910.1021/ja01269a023 ↗
30. Lippens BC, de Boer JH(1965) Studies on pore systems in catalysts: V. The t method. J Catal 4:319–32310.1016/0021-9517(65)90307-6 ↗
31. Chan J-B, Hua D-W, Winter R, Jonas J (1989) The pore morphology of fluoride catalyzed xerogels. J Mater Res 4:693–697. https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1989.069310.1557/JMR.1989.0693 ↗
32. Rodríguez-Reinoso F, Molina-Sabio M, Gonzalez MT (1995) The use of steam and CO2 as activating agents in the preparation of activated carbons. Carbon N Y 33:15–2310.1016/0008-6223(94)00100-E ↗
33. Barrett EP, Joyner LG, Halenda PP (1951) The determination of pore volume and area distributions in porous substances. I. Computations from nitrogen isotherms. J Am Chem Soc 73:373–380. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01145a12610.1021/ja01145a126 ↗
34. Milea CA, Bogatu C (2011) The influence of parameters in silica sol-gel process. Bull Transilv Univ Brasov Eng Sci 4:59–66
35. Hæreid S, Nilsen NEM-A (1996) Properties of silica aerogel aged in TEOS. J Non Cryst Solids 204:228–23410.1016/S0022-3093(96)00418-8 ↗
36. Scherdel C, Reichenauer G (2015) Highly porous silica xerogels without surface modification. J Supercrit Fluids 106:160–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2015.08.01610.1016/j.supflu.2015.08.016 ↗
37. Almeida RM, Pantano CG (1990) Structural investigation of silica gel films by infrared spectroscopy. J Appl Phys 68:4225–4232. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.34621310.1063/1.346213 ↗
38. Wood DL, Rabinovich EM (1989) Study of alkoxide silica gels by infrared spectroscopy. Appl Spectrosc 43:263–267. https://doi.org/10.1366/000370289420328210.1366/0003702894203282 ↗
39. Román J, Padilla S, Vallet-Regí M (2003) Sol-gel glasses as precursors of bioactive glass ceramics. Chem Mater 15:798–806. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm021325c10.1021/cm021325c ↗
40. Fidalgo A, Ilharco LM (2001) The defect structure of sol-gel-derived silica/polytetrahydrofuran hybrid films by FTIR. J Non Cryst Solids 283:144–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3093(01)00418-510.1016/S0022-3093(01)00418-5 ↗
41. Andrade-Espinosa G, Escobar-Barrios V, Rangel-Mendez R (2010) Synthesis and characterization of silica xerogels obtained via fast sol-gel process. Colloid Polym Sci 288:1697–1704. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-010-2311-x10.1007/s00396-010-2311-x ↗
42. Gaskell PH, Johnson DW (1976) The optical constants of quartz, vitreous silica and neutron-irradiated vitreous silica (I). J Non Cryst Solids 20:153–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(76)90130-710.1016/0022-3093(76)90130-7 ↗
43. Seenaa Ibrahem HI (2014) Synthesis and study the effect of H2O/TEOS ratio of the silica xerogel by sol- gel method. Int Arch Appl Sci Technol 5:1–5