Synthesis of Ag-colloids in sol-gel derived SiO2-coatings on glass

Ag colloid-containing coatings on soda lime glass and fused silica are prepared via the sol-gel process. To incorporate Ag + -ions in the coatings homogeneously, they are stabilized by a functionalised silane (aminosilane) and then mixed with the basic sol prepared from 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTS) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). Crack-free and transparent coatings with a thickness of 0.5 to 1.2 μm, are obtained by heat treatment between 120°C and 600°C. The Ag-colloid formation was monitored by UV-VIS spectroscopy as a function of temperature. The investigations reveal that the substrate has a deciding influence on the Ag-colloid formation caused by alkali diffusion from the substrate into the coating. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) investigations prove that poly-crystalline Ag x O y -nanoparticles are formed during thermal densification in the coatings and that this change is accompanied by a vanishing of the yellow colour of the coatings. A post-heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere (90% N 2 , 10% H 2 ) turns back the yellow colour and single-crystalline Ag-colloids can be detected by HRTEM. A suitable choice of the temperature and time conditions allows the control of the colloid size during heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere. For comparison, ion-exchange experiments have been carried out which showed that a spontaneous Ag-colloid formation was achieved in the soda lime substrate at 400°C. Since Ag containing SiO 2 -coatings remained colourless after thermal treatment between 400°C and 600°C in air, on soda lime substrates, a remarkable diffusion of Ag + into the substrate was excluded.