DataVXJournal of Sol-Gel Science and TechnologyPaper
journal article·2025-07Open access

Multi-substituted barium hexaferrite with magnetoplumbite structure for microwave high-frequency applications

Ebtesam E. Ateia, Yousra Yasser, Amira S. Shafaay

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology· Volume 115· Issue 1
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Abstract

Abstract Barium hexaferrite (BHF) presents significant potential for different technological applications. By doping BHF with different substitution cations, a range of samples exhibiting diverse electrical and magnetic properties can be created. Gadolinium (Gd 3+ ) was used as an isovalent substitution for Fe 3+ . On the other hand, Zirconium (Zr 4+ ), Zinc (Zn 2+ ) and Nickel (Ni 2+ ) were used as heterovalent substitutions for Fe 3+ as tetravalent and divalent elements. The structure, surface morphology characteristics and magnetic behavior of the samples were investigated. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), and Raman spectroscopy analysis (RSA) were used to evaluate the microstructure and establish the presence of the hexagonal phase as the main phase for the prepared samples. The average crystallite sizes obtained from XRD measurements ranged from 29 to 44 nm, while the grain sizes estimated through FE-SEM varied between 56 and 94 nm. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was used to determine quantitative elemental composition and the change in valencies due to substitution. The analysis used Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) to study the different magnetic properties of the samples. The composition BaFe 11.5 Gd 0.5 O 19 exhibited a minimum saturation magnetization of 38.753 emu/g, characterized by an average ionic radius of the B-sub-lattice measuring 0.938 Å, a minimum crystallite size of 29.577 nm, and a maximum coercivity value of 4639.5 Oe. While the composition BaFe 11.5 Zr 0.5 O 19 with a B-sub-lattice average ionic radius of 0.56 Å has the maximum saturation magnetization of 57.226 emu/g with the minimum coercivity of 2061 Oe. The high-frequency response of the BHFNPs demonstrates that they are capable of functioning in the frequency range of 8.5–13.17 GHz. The barium hexaferrite (BHF) powders synthesized in the present study exhibit high saturation magnetization, high coercivity, minimal magnetic loss, high chemical stability, and significant magnetic anisotropy, making them a strong candidate for high-frequency applications such as communication devices, and electromagnetic shielding. Graphical Abstract
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OpenAlex topics: Magnetic Properties and Synthesis of Ferrites · Multiferroics and related materials · Electromagnetic wave absorption materials

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