Magnetic materials for photocatalytic applications—a review

Photocatalysts have been widely applied in the degradation of organic compounds using visible and ultraviolet radiation. Different synthesis approaches have been developed and optimized to produce efficient, eco-friendly, and inexpensive materials to photo-treat water samples contaminated with dyes, pigments, pesticides, and other organic pollutants. Over the last two decades magnetic materials have emerged as a potential alternative to facilitate catalyst isolation in heterogeneously catalyzed liquid-phase reactions. In this review, we focus on the discussion of several studies including the main synthesis processes and new protocol modifications for the fabrication of magnetic photocatalysts, and their impact on the catalyst morphology, efficiency, and recycling. Emphasis is given on the discussion of the synthesis strategies over last decade to produce photoactive catalysts including single-phase catalysts, composites, Multifunctional metal–organic framework materials, binary and ternary core–shell materials, and yolk–shell photocatalysts.