journal article·2025-09

Comparative study on bending performances of 3D-printed monolithic and adhesively bonded sandwich structures with various auxetic cores: An innovative production approach

Mithat Gokhan Atahan, Caglar Sevim, Munise Didem Demirbas, Mustafa Kemal Apalak

Publisher page

Abstract

The cores of sandwich structures are typically produced monolithically using lightweight materials and specific geometries. In recent years, the advancements in additive manufacturing have enabled the design and production of novel sandwich core configurations with auxetic behavior and high energy absorption capability. In this study, an innovative production approach, namely adhesively bonded sandwich structures with auxetic cores, was proposed to ensure significant manufacturing advantages for industrial applications. Each part of the sandwich core structures with auxetic core configurations was printed separately and then bonded using an epoxy-based adhesive. To evaluate the mechanical performance of the proposed bonded sandwich structures, three-point and four-point bending tests with DIC (Digital Image Correlation) analyses were conducted. The bending test results of adhesively bonded sandwich structures were compared with those of monolithic sandwich structures and the effectiveness of the proposed innovative production method was evaluated. Re-entrant, star-shaped, and V-shaped auxetic core configurations were compared in terms of the bending performances of the adhesively bonded and monolithic sandwich structures. Monolithic and adhesively bonded sandwich structures showed similar bending behavior as far as load-carrying capacity, deformation stages, and crashworthiness performance are concerned based on three and four-point bending tests. Hence, the proposed innovative production approach can be applied to sandwich structures to enhance their repairability and support sustainable manufacturing.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Cellular and Composite Structures · Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies · Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Abdullah Gül University

Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University

Erciyes University

Funding

Niğde Üniversitesi

References (46)

Show source-provided references
1. 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.10117310.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.101173 ↗
2. 10.1016/j.matdes.2019.10784010.1016/j.matdes.2019.107840 ↗
3. 10.1016/j.matdes.2017.07.05710.1016/j.matdes.2017.07.057 ↗
4. 10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.01.02710.1016/j.compositesb.2018.01.027 ↗
5. 10.3390/polym1519385810.3390/polym15193858 ↗
6. 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.11324010.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113240 ↗
7. 10.1016/j.compositesb.2022.10973310.1016/j.compositesb.2022.109733 ↗
8. 10.1016/j.addma.2021.10235110.1016/j.addma.2021.102351 ↗
9. 10.1016/j.tws.2021.10858410.1016/j.tws.2021.108584 ↗
10. 10.1016/j.tws.2023.11055510.1016/j.tws.2023.110555 ↗
11. 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2023.10833410.1016/j.ijmecsci.2023.108334 ↗
12. 10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.11570610.1016/j.compstruct.2022.115706 ↗
13. 10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.10822910.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108229 ↗
14. 10.1016/j.tws.2023.11132910.1016/j.tws.2023.111329 ↗
15. Bru J, Leite M, Ribeiro A, et al. Bioinspired structures for core sandwich composites produced by fused deposition modelling. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part L 2020; 234(3): 379–393.
16. 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.10843910.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.108439 ↗
17. 10.1016/j.tws.2024.11160710.1016/j.tws.2024.111607 ↗
18. 10.1088/1361-665X/acedde10.1088/1361-665X/acedde ↗
19. 10.1002/adem.20220118910.1002/adem.202201189 ↗
20. 10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.11531010.1016/j.compstruct.2022.115310 ↗
21. 10.1016/j.istruc.2024.10645710.1016/j.istruc.2024.106457 ↗
22. 10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.05.00110.1016/j.compstruct.2017.05.001 ↗
23. Monteiro J, Sardinha M, Alves F, et al. Evaluation of the effect of core lattice topology on the properties of sandwich panels produced by additive manufacturing. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part L 2021; 235(6): 1312–1324.
24. 10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.11320410.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113204 ↗
25. 10.1177/1099636223119471310.1177/10996362231194713 ↗
26. 10.1016/j.tws.2023.11082910.1016/j.tws.2023.110829 ↗
27. Chikkanna N, Krishnapillai S, Ramachandran V. Bending performance and crashworthiness characteristics of sandwich beams with new auxetic core. Adv Eng Mater. 2023; 2300710.
28. 10.1177/1099636224127553210.1177/10996362241275532 ↗
29. 10.1002/adem.20240184210.1002/adem.202401842 ↗
30. 10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.01.10310.1016/j.compstruct.2019.01.103 ↗
31. Adams RD, Comyn J, Wake WC. Structural adhesive joints in engineering. London, UK: Chapman & Hall, 1997, p. 359.
32. 10.1007/978-3-642-01169-610.1007/978-3-642-01169-6 ↗
33. 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2023.10460610.1016/j.ijimpeng.2023.104606 ↗
34. 10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.11795210.1016/j.compstruct.2024.117952 ↗
35. 10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.10939310.1016/j.compositesb.2021.109393 ↗
36. SOLIDWORKS 3D design software - dassault systemes. Available from: https://www.3ds.com/products-services/solidworks/?wockw=Solidworks.
37. 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.11760610.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117606 ↗
38. Filameon filament. Available from: https://www.filameon.com.
39. Ultimaker Cura: powerful easy-to-use 3D printing software. https://ultimaker.com/software/ultimaker-cura.
40. Araldite 2015 epoxy adhesive. Huntsman advanced materials. Available from: https://www.huntsman.com.
41. ASTM C393/C393M-20. Standard test method for core shear properties of sandwich constructions by beam flexure.
42. Ncorr open-source 2D digital image correlation matlab software. Available from: https://www.ncorr.com/index.php.
43. 10.1016/j.tws.2019.05.01210.1016/j.tws.2019.05.012 ↗
44. 10.1080/13588265.2023.218380110.1080/13588265.2023.2183801 ↗
45. 10.1080/13588265.2014.98226910.1080/13588265.2014.982269 ↗
46. 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2014.10.00110.1016/j.ijmecsci.2014.10.001 ↗