Viscous grain-boundary sliding with rotating particles or grains

We evaluate the sliding rate and stress distribution on the boundary when the sliding of grain boundary containing particles is accommodated by grain-boundary diffusion, by taking the particle rotation and the intrinsic boundary viscosity into account. The particle rotation enhances the sliding rate, and can occur in the reverse direction with respect to the grain-boundary sliding. We investigate the sliding behavior for various particle shapes and boundary viscosities. A similar analysis is also conducted for the shear deformation of regular hexagonal grains.