Shear capacity of slender FRP-RC beams utilizing a hybrid ANN with the firefly optimizer
Source abstract
Abstract
The popularity of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars as a structural element has soared due to their advantageous mechanical and physical properties. Despite an abundance of code requirements and heuristic equations, engineers specializing in structural retrofitting and analysis often struggle to utilize a suitable yet precise equation. This study introduces a novel approach by presenting a firefly optimization algorithm (FOA) combined with an artificial neural network (ANN)—termed as FOA-ANN—as an advanced hybrid machine learning model. The primary objective is to predict the shear capacity of slender FRP reinforced concrete (FRP-RC) beams without stirrup. An extensive experimental database of slender FRP-RC beams without stirrup was compiled. Leveraging this database and the proposed hybrid method, a simple yet accurate closed-form equation for determining the shear capacity of slender FRP-RC beams without stirrup was formulated. Additionally, a selection of pre-existing equations was provided for comparison of accuracy. Results indicate that the suggested FOA-ANN equation offers a more accurate alternative, outperforming equations derived from CSA S806-12 and AASHTO LRFD. The FOA-ANN hybrid technique proves to be highly effective in predicting the shear capacity of slender FRP-RC beams without stirrup.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete · Structural Load-Bearing Analysis · Concrete Corrosion and Durability
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan
Funding
Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan
References (81)
Show source-provided references
1. 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.10654410.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.106544 ↗
2. 10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.11443010.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114430 ↗
3. El Zareef MA, Badawi M, Elbisy AM. Review and validation of code expressions and developed models in last three decades estimating concrete shear strength of FRP-reinforced members without stirrups. Case Stud Constr Mater 2023; 19: e02352.
4. 10.1016/j.tws.2015.04.02310.1016/j.tws.2015.04.023 ↗
5. Tohidi S, Sharifi Y. A new predictive model for restrained distortional buckling strength of half-through bridge girders using artificial neural network. KSCE J Civ Eng 2014; 10(3): 325–350.
6. 10.1080/19373260.2014.95513910.1080/19373260.2014.955139 ↗
7. 10.1007/s11709-014-0236-z10.1007/s11709-014-0236-z ↗
8. Sharifi Y, Tohidi S. Ultimate capacity assessment of web plate beams with pitting corrosion subjected to patch loading by artificial neural networks. Advanced Steel Construction 2014; 10(3): 325–350.
9. Tohidi S, Sharifi Y. Load-carrying capacity of locally corroded steel plate girder ends using artificial neural network. Thin-Walled Struct 2014; 100(1): 48–61.
10. Sharifi Y, Lotfi F, Moghbeli A. Compressive strength prediction by ANN formulation approach for FRP confined rectangular concrete columns. Journal of Rehabilitation in Civil Engineering 2109; 7(3): 182–203.
11. 10.1177/136943321983617610.1177/1369433219836176 ↗
12. 10.1007/s40996-019-00281-z10.1007/s40996-019-00281-z ↗
13. 10.1007/s13296-019-00217-310.1007/s13296-019-00217-3 ↗
14. Sharifi Y, Mohammadi N, Moghbeli A. Shear capacity assessment of reinforced concrete deep beams using artificial neural network. Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials 2018; 3(5): 30–43.
15. 10.1016/j.istruc.2020.07.02710.1016/j.istruc.2020.07.027 ↗
16. Sharifi Y, Hosseinpour M. Compressive strength assessment of concrete containing metakaolin using ANN. Journal of Rehabilitation in Civil Engineering 2020; 8(4): 15–27.
17. 10.1177/0731684421105016810.1177/07316844211050168 ↗
18. 10.1177/0731684421106811610.1177/07316844211068116 ↗
19. 10.1260/1369-4332.18.9.138310.1260/1369-4332.18.9.1383 ↗
20. 10.1080/17445302.2021.200026510.1080/17445302.2021.2000265 ↗
21. Kamarian S, Ali K, Tran TMN, et al. Predicting ESP and HNT effects on the mechanical properties of eco-friendly composites subjected to micro-indentation test. Advances in Nano Research 2023; 15(4): 315–328.
22. 10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.04.14610.1016/j.jmrt.2023.04.146 ↗
23. 10.1007/s13369-024-09258-110.1007/s13369-024-09258-1 ↗
24. 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2011.02.00210.1016/j.advengsoft.2011.02.002 ↗
25. 10.1016/j.istruc.2020.08.07610.1016/j.istruc.2020.08.076 ↗
26. Ali K, Javadi SM, Mahdipour Moghanni R. Shear strength prediction of FRP-reinforced concrete beams using an extreme gradient boosting framework. Period Polytech Civ Eng 2022; 66(1): 18–29.
27. 10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.11201710.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112017 ↗
28. 10.1016/j.measurement.2022.11223010.1016/j.measurement.2022.112230 ↗
29. 10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.11102510.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111025 ↗
30. 10.1016/j.engappai.2014.03.01210.1016/j.engappai.2014.03.012 ↗
31. 10.1007/s00366-009-0140-710.1007/s00366-009-0140-7 ↗
32. 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2005)9:2(147)10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2005)9:2(147) ↗
33. El-Sayed AK, El-Salakawy EF, Benmokrane B. Shear strength of FRP-reinforced concrete beams without transverse reinforcement. ACI Mater J 2006; 103(2): 235.
34. El-Sayed AK, El-Salakawy EF, Benmokrane B. Shear capacity of high-strength concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars. ACI Mater J 2006; 103(3): 383.
35. 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2004)8:5(452)10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2004)8:5(452) ↗
36. Gross S Dinehart D Yost J et al. (eds). Experimental tests of high-strength concrete beams reinforced with CFRP bars. In: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on advanced composite materials in bridges and structures (ACMBS-4). Calgary Alberta Canada 20-23 July 2004. (quoted from Razaqpur and Isgor.
37. Tariq M Newhook J (eds) Shear testing of FRP reinforced concrete without transverse reinforcement. In: Proceedings annual conference of the Canadian society for civil engineering Vancouver CA 4-7 June 2003.
38. 10.1061/40691(2003)3810.1061/40691(2003)38 ↗
39. Tureyen AK, Frosch RJ. Shear tests of FRP-reinforced concrete beams without stirrups. Structural Journal 2002; 99(4): 427–434.
40. 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2001)5:4(268)10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2001)5:4(268) ↗
41. Alkhrdaji T Wideman M Belarbi A et al. (eds) Shear strength of GFRP RC beams and slabs. In Proceedings of the international conference composites in construction-CCC Porto Portugal October 10–12 2001.
42. Deitz D, Harik I, Gesund H. One-way slabs reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymer reinforcing bars. Special Publication 1999; 188: 279–286.
43. Mizukawa Y, Sato Y, Ueda T, et al. A study on shear fatigue behavior of concrete beams with FRP rods. Non-metallic (FRP) reinforcement for concrete structure 1997; 2: 309–316.
44. Duranovic N, Pilakoutas K, Waldron P. Tests on concrete beams reinforced with glass fibre reinforced plastic bars. Non-metallic (FRP) reinforcement for concrete structure 1997; 2: 479–486.
45. Swamy N, Aburawi M (eds). Structural implications of using GFRP bars as concrete reinforcement. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Non-Metallic (FRP) Reinforcement for Concrete Structures (FRPRCS-3). Sapporo, Japan, V.2: Japan Concrete Institute, 1997, pp. 503–510.
46. Zhao W, Maruyama K, Suzuki H (eds) Shear behavior of concrete beams reinforced by FRP rods as longitudinal and shear reinforcement. In: Rilem proceedings. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall, 1995.
47. Lubell A, Sherwood T, Bentz E, et al. Safe shear design of large wide beams. Concr Int 2004; 26(1): 66–78.
48. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.06.02310.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.06.023 ↗
49. Tottori S, Wakui H. Shear capacity of RC and PC beams using FRP reinforcement. Special Publication 1993; 138: 615–632.
50. Nagasaka T, Fukuyama H, Tanigaki M. Shear performance of concrete beams reinforced with FRP stirrups. Special publication 1993; 138: 789–812.
51. 10.2208/jscej.1995.508_8910.2208/jscej.1995.508_89 ↗
52. Matta F Nanni A Hernandez T et al. (eds). Scaling of strength of FRP reinforced concrete beams without shear reinforcement. In: Fourth international conference on FRP composites in civil engineering (CICE2008) Zurich Switzerland 22 July 2008 2008.
53. Vijay P Kumar S GangaRao H editors. Shear and ductility behavior of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP rebars. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on advanced composite materials in bridges and structures Québec Canada 11-14 August 1996 ACMBS-II 1996.
54. Michaluk CR, Rizkalla SH, Tadros G, et al. Flexural behavior of one-way concrete slabs reinforced by fiber reinforced plastic reinforcements. Structural Journal 1998; 95(3): 353–365.
55. 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2006)10:6(464)10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2006)10:6(464) ↗
56. Alam MS. Influence of different parameters on shear strength of FRP reinforced concrete beams without web reinforcement. St. John’s, NL: Memorial University of Newfoundland Canada, 2010.
57. 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.000010810.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000108 ↗
58. 10.1177/073168441245035010.1177/0731684412450350 ↗
59. Jang H, Kim M, Cho J, et al. (eds) Concrete shear strength of beams reinforced with FRP bars according to flexural reinforcement ratio and shear span to depth ratio. In: International Symposium on FRP Reinforcement for Concrete Structures. Sydney, Australia: FRPRCS, 2009.
60. 10.1111/j.1475-1305.2009.00699.x10.1111/j.1475-1305.2009.00699.x ↗
61. 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.000034210.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000342 ↗
62. Matta F, El-Sayed AK, Nanni A, et al. Size effect on concrete shear strength in beams reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer bars. ACI Struct J. 2013; 110(4): 617–628.
63. Massam L. The behaviour of GFRP-reinforced concrete beams in shear 2001.
64. Alsayed S Al-Salloum Y Almusallam T (eds). Shear design for beams reinforced by GFRP bars. Non-metallic (FRP) reinforcement for concrete structures. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Non-Metallic (FRP) Reinforcement for Concrete Structures (FRPRCS-3). Sapporo Japan: 14–16 October 1997.
65. Guide for the design and construction of structural concrete reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars (ACI 440.1 R-15), in ACI committee 440. Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute, 2015.
66. AASHTO. Bridge design guide specifications for GFRP reinforced concrete bridge decks and traffic railings, AASHTO LRFD-17. Washington, DC, USA: AASHTO, 2017.
67. JSCE. Recommendation for design and construction of concrete structures using continuous fiber reinforcing materials. In: Machida A (ed). Concrete engineering series 23. Tokyo, Japan: Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 1997.
68. CSA. Code for the design and construction of building structures with fibre-reinforced polymers, CAN/CSA/S806–12. Toronto, ON, Canada: Canadian Standard Association, 2012, p. 198.
69. CSA. Canadian Highway bridge design code. Supplement No. 1 to CAN/CSA S6-14 (S6.1S1-14). Mississauga, ON, Canada: Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 2014.
70. ISIS, Reinforcing Concrete Structures with Fiber Reinforced Polymers, ISISM03-07. Canadian network of centers of excellence on intelligent sensing for innovative structures. Manitoba, Canada: University of Winnipeg, 2007.
71. 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:12(1033)10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:12(1033) ↗
72. Slowik Adam X-SY. Firefly algorithm. In: Swarm Intelligence Algorithms. Boca Raton, Fl: CRC Press, 2020.
73. 10.1504/IJSI.2013.05580110.1504/IJSI.2013.055801 ↗
74. 10.1016/j.swevo.2013.06.00110.1016/j.swevo.2013.06.001 ↗
75. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.20110.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.201 ↗
76. Emary E Zawbaa HM Ghany KKA et al. Firefly optimization algorithm for feature selection. In: Proceedings of the 7th Balkan conference on informatics conference Craiova Romania 2-4 September 2015: Association for Computing Machinery 2015 pp. 1–7. DOI: 10.1145/2801081.2801091.10.1145/2801081.2801091 ↗
77. 10.1016/j.istruc.2023.03.17810.1016/j.istruc.2023.03.178 ↗
78. 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2010.07.00610.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2010.07.006 ↗
79. 10.1016/j.measurement.2016.03.01810.1016/j.measurement.2016.03.018 ↗
80. 10.1016/j.engappai.2023.10604710.1016/j.engappai.2023.106047 ↗
81. Smith GN. Probability and statistics in civil engineering: an introduction. London, UK: Collins, 1986.