Unveiling synergistic and mechanical performance of hybrid fiber metal laminates by optimized aluminum/basalt/pineapple fiber stacking sequence

Structural components require materials with high strength and low weight to optimize their performance, which can be effectively achieved through hybridization of reinforcement and strategic layering arrangements in fiber metal laminates (FML). This research investigation explores the synergetic effect of basalt and pineapple fiber mats with Aluminum 6061 skin with epoxy matrix. Four different layering sequences of FML are fabricated using the vacuum bag molding process, and their mechanical characteristics, including tensile, flexural, and Mode I fracture toughness, were examined according to ASTM standards. The result analysis indicates that the highest tensile strength and modulus of 67.73 MPa and 2.73 GPa, flexural strength and modulus of 88.5 MPa and 2.77 GPa respectively was obtained in Specimen 2 having a stacking sequence of Aluminum/Basalt/Pineapple/Pineapple/Basalt/Aluminum. The basalt fiber contributes to high strength and durability, while pineapple fibers enhance flexibility. These outstanding properties are resulted from the synergistic effects of combining materials with complementary properties in an optimized stacking sequence. Furthermore, the layering sequence significantly influences the mechanical behavior, with basalt fibers placed in the outer layers improving fracture toughness, and pineapple fibers enhancing strain energy absorption.