Active screen plasma nitriding of Fe-24Mn-2Al-0.45C TWIP steel: Microstructure evolution and a synergistic selective oxidation mechanism
Source abstract
Abstract
In this study, Fe-24Mn-2Al-0.45C twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel was investigated after active screen plasma nitriding (ASPN) at 350–480 °C. Up to 450 °C, the ASPN-treated TWIP steel showed a double-layered structure, with a topmost Fe4N-type γ’ layer and an underlying interstitial solid solution. The underlying nitrogen interstitial solid solution obtained on ASPN-treated TWIP steel can be identified as γN(i), being expanded austenite with small lattice expansions at low nitrogen (and carbon) absorption levels. However, the 480 °C ASPN-treated TWIP steel surface is composed of an unexpected MnO-containing ferritic topmost layer and a thick underlying γN(i) layer, which corresponds to a hardness-depth profile different to those obtained at 350–480 °C. Hence, we propose and elucidate a selective oxidation mechanism (that occurred alongside nitrogen inward diffusion) on TWIP steel during ASPN treatment, which can be attributed to (a) an elevated treatment temperature that allowed Mn migration, (b) a processing atmosphere with low oxygen partial pressure, and (c) a high-Mn substrate chemical composition with low Al/Mn (or Si/Mn) ratio.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Metal and Thin Film Mechanics · Metal Alloys Wear and Properties · Advanced materials and composites
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (76)
Show source-provided references
1. Structure and corrosion resistance of plasma nitrided stainless steel10.1179/sur.1985.1.2.131 ↗
2. Solid solution strengthening of stainless steel surface layers by rapid, high dose, elevated temperature nitrogen ion implantation10.1016/0167-577X(90)90166-J ↗
3. Corrosion properties of active screen plasma nitrided 316 austenitic stainless steel10.1016/j.corsci.2003.09.015 ↗
4. Sliding wear properties of active screen plasma nitrided 316 austenitic stainless steel10.1016/j.wear.2003.07.006 ↗
5. Metastable phase formation and enhanced diffusion in f.c.c. alloys under high dose, high flux nitrogen implantation at high and low ion energies10.1016/S0257-8972(94)80003-0 ↗
6. Colossal carbon supersaturation in austenitic stainless steels carburized at low temperature10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00235-0 ↗
7. Low-temperature colossal supersaturation
8. Controlled dissolution of colossal quantities of nitrogen in stainless steel10.1007/s11661-006-0039-5 ↗
9. Structure of the ion-nitrided layer of 18-8 stainless steel
10. Surface structure and properties of ion-nitrided austenitic stainless steels10.1016/0040-6090(89)90502-6 ↗
11. Low temperature plasma diffusion treatment of stainless steels for improved wear resistance10.1016/0257-8972(93)90307-A ↗
12. X-ray diffraction characterisation of low temperature plasma nitrided austenitic stainless steels10.1023/A:1004647423860 ↗
13. On the crystallographic structure of S-phase10.1016/j.scriptamat.2003.09.042 ↗
14. On the elusive crystal structure of expanded austenite10.1016/j.scriptamat.2017.01.006 ↗
15. From austenitic stainless steel to expanded austenite-s phase: formation, characteristics and properties of an elusive metastable phase10.3390/met10020187 ↗
16. Effect of austenitic stainless steel composition on low-energy, high-flux nitrogen ion beam processing10.1016/S0257-8972(98)00389-2 ↗
17. Chemical bonding of nitrogen in low energy high flux implanted austenitic stainless steel10.1063/1.1469691 ↗
18. S-phase surface engineering of Fe-Cr, Co-Cr and Ni-Cr alloys10.1179/095066009X12572530170589 ↗
19. Carbide precipitation in austenitic stainless steel carburized at low temperature10.1016/j.actamat.2006.09.049 ↗
20. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure investigation of nitrogen stabilized expanded austenite10.1016/j.scriptamat.2009.11.021 ↗
21. Nitrogen interstitial diffusion induced decomposition in AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel10.1016/j.actamat.2012.04.014 ↗
22. Atom probe tomography characterization of nitrogen induced decomposition in low temperature plasma nitrided 304L austenitic stainless steel10.1016/j.matlet.2014.09.093 ↗
23. Spinodal decomposition during isothermal gas-solid equilibration – Its effects and implications10.1016/j.actamat.2018.09.039 ↗
24. Thermodynamic reasoning for colossal N supersaturation in austenitic and ferritic stainless steels during low-temperature nitridation10.1038/s41598-019-44410-0 ↗
25. On the nitrogen-induced lattice expansion of a non-stainless austenitic steel, invar 36®, under triode plasma nitriding10.1007/s11661-019-05526-0 ↗
26. Co-existence of γ’N phase and γN phase on nitrided austenitic Fe-Cr-Ni alloys – I. experiment10.1016/j.actamat.2019.07.019 ↗
27. Twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels10.1016/j.actamat.2017.06.046 ↗
28. Formation and microstructural characterisation of S-phase layers in Ni-free austenitic stainless steels by low-temperature plasma surface alloying10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.07.030 ↗
29. Thermal decomposition of N-expanded austenite in 304L and 904L steels10.1080/02670844.2016.1262989 ↗
30. The influence of stacking fault energy on plasticity mechanisms in triode-plasma nitrided austenitic stainless steels: Implications for the structure and stability of nitrogen-expanded austenite10.1016/j.actamat.2018.10.019 ↗
31. On the interstitial induced lattice inhomogeneities in nitrogen-expanded austenite10.1016/j.scriptamat.2020.04.045 ↗
32. Evaluation of the sliding wear and corrosion performance of triode-plasma nitrided Fe-17Cr-20Mn-0.5N high-manganese and Fe-19Cr-35Ni-1.2Si high-nickel austenitic stainless steels10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.126890 ↗
33. Microstructures and mechanical properties of high-strength Fe-Mn-Al-C light-weight TRIPLEX steels10.1002/srin.200606440 ↗
34. Current state of Fe-Mn-Al-C low density steels10.1016/j.pmatsci.2017.05.002 ↗
35. Study of active screen plasma processing conditions for carburising and nitriding austenitic stainless steel10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.05.045 ↗
36. Active screen plasma nitriding of austenitic stainless steel10.1179/026708402225006240 ↗
37. A study of active screen plasma nitriding10.1179/026708401225005250 ↗
38. Study on the active screen plasma nitriding and its nitriding mechanism10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.03.045 ↗
39. On the fundamental mechanisms of active screen plasma nitriding10.1016/j.vacuum.2009.07.002 ↗
40. Nitrogen mass transfer and surface layer formation during the active screen plasma nitriding of austenitic stainless steels10.1016/j.vacuum.2017.11.022 ↗
41. Active screen plasma surface co-alloying treatments of 316 stainless steel with nitrogen and silver for fuel cell bipolar plates10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.10.038 ↗
42. Active screen plasma surface co-alloying of 316 austenitic stainless steel with both nitrogen and niobium for the application of bipolar plates in proton exchange membrane fuel cells10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.06.010 ↗
43. Surface modification of 316 stainless steel with platinum for the application of bipolar plates in high performance proton exchange membrane fuel cells10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.09.220 ↗
44. Active-screen plasma surface multi-functionalisation of biopolymers and carbon-based materials – an overview10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128188 ↗
45. Transmission electron microscopy study of S phase in low temperature plasma nitrided 316 stainless steel
46. Effects of gas nitriding temperature on the surface properties of a high manganese TWIP steel10.3390/met7030102 ↗
47. Expanded austenite, crystallography and residual stress10.1179/026708410X12506870724316 ↗
48. The Fe-N (iron-nitrogen) system10.1007/BF02869273 ↗
49. Invited review: Carbides and nitrides in steel10.1016/0025-5416(73)90055-4 ↗
50. Effects of recrystallization annealing temperature on carbide precipitation, microstructure, and mechanical properties in Fe–18Mn–0.6C–1.5Al TWIP steel10.1016/j.msea.2009.08.048 ↗
51. Microstructure evolution and recrystallization temperature change of cold-rolled Fe–19Mn–0.6C twinning-induced plasticity steel during annealing10.3390/met11081181 ↗
52. Lattice rotation induced by plasma nitriding in a 316L polycrystalline stainless steel10.1016/j.actamat.2010.01.002 ↗
53. On lattice plane rotation and crystallographic structure of the expanded austenite in plasma nitrided AISI 316L steel Surf10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.01.041 ↗
54. Nitrogen interstitial induced texture depth gradient in stainless steel10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.05.012 ↗
55. Modeling of the lattice rotations induced by plasma nitriding of 316L polycrystalline stainless steel10.1016/j.actamat.2014.09.052 ↗
56. New insights into the mechanism of low-temperature active-screen plasma nitriding of austenitic stainless steel10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.03.028 ↗
57. Selective oxidation of ternary Fe-Mn-Si alloys during annealing process10.1016/j.corsci.2020.108859 ↗
58. Selective oxidation and sub-surface phase transformation of TWIP steel during continuous annealing10.1002/srin.201100122 ↗
59. Selective oxidation of TWIP steel during continuous annealing10.1002/srin.201100296 ↗
60. Effect of annealing temperature on the surface and subsurface microstructure of Al-added TWIP steel10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125479 ↗
61. Changing oxide layer structures with respect to the dew point prior to hot-dip galvanizing of δ-TRIP steel10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.12.046 ↗
62. Internal oxidation of Ag-in alloys: Stress relief and the influence of imposed strain10.1007/BF00664274 ↗
63. A feasibility study of plasma nitriding of steel with an oxide layer on the surface10.1007/s10853-006-0484-y ↗
64. Active screen plasma nitriding – an overview10.1179/174329409X439032 ↗
65. Thermodynamic properties of manganese oxides10.1111/j.1151-2916.1996.tb07993.x ↗
66. Assessment of the Mn-O system
67. Thermodynamic reevaluation of the Fe–O system10.1016/j.calphad.2014.12.005 ↗
68. Gibbs energy of formation of MnO: measurement and assessment10.1007/s11669-008-9280-5 ↗
69. Selective oxidation of Al rich Fe–Mn–Al–C low density steels10.1179/1743284713Y.0000000485 ↗
70. Structure and properties of gas-nitrided nanostructured FeAlMnC alloy10.1016/j.matchemphys.2013.08.063 ↗
71. Excellent enhancement of corrosion properties of Fe–9Al–30Mn–1.8C alloy in 3.5% NaCl and 10% HCl aqueous solutions using gas nitriding treatment10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.01.201 ↗
72. Mechanical behavior and electrochemical stability of gas-nitrided FeMnAlC alloy in simulated body fluid10.1016/j.matlet.2018.01.019 ↗
73. Selective surface ace oxidation during annealing of steel sheets in H2/N210.1016/0378-5963(80)90015-X ↗
74. Effect of the presence of alloying elements in interstitial-free and low-carbon steels on their surface composition after annealing in reducing atmospheres (dew point=−30°C)10.1007/s11661-004-0152-2 ↗
75. Oxide formation of transformation-induced plasticity-aided steel during dew-point control10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.03.040 ↗
76. Effect of dew point on galvanizability in 4 mass% Al added low density steel10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2018-010 ↗