A general physics-based hardening law for single phase metals
Source abstract
Abstract
A simple exponential strain hardening model (ESH) has been developed in the framework of the Kocks-Mecking-Estrin formalism with a new microstructure-based parameter that accounts for the effect of yield strength. The relevant parameters reflecting the effect of the composition (or dislocation annihilation distance) and the microstructure type (or strengthening technology) are comprehensively analyzed. The application scope of the model is then briefly discussed, and several significant advantages are enumerated including the clear derivation processes and the explicit physical meaning of the various parameters. Finally, the ESH model is verified extensively by systematic tensile tests on six groups of Cu-Al alloys having more than one hundred microstructural states. In addition, significant and quantitative revelations of strength and uniform elongation for ductile metals are elaborated in the following manuscript. The present ESH model is of significant theoretical value in providing a detailed understanding of the tensile performance of metallic materials.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Microstructure and mechanical properties · Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties · Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. General relationship between strength and hardness10.1016/j.msea.2011.08.061 ↗
2. Meyers · 2009
3. The relationship between strength and toughness in tempered steel: trade-off or invariable?10.1002/adem.201801116 ↗
4. General relation between tensile strength and fatigue strength of metallic materials10.1016/j.msea.2012.11.103 ↗
5. A practical model for efficient anti-fatigue design and selection of metallic materials: II. Parameter analysis and fatigue strength improvement10.1016/j.jmst.2020.08.038 ↗
6. A practical model for efficient anti-fatigue design and selection of metallic materials: I. Model building and fatigue strength prediction10.1016/j.jmst.2020.08.037 ↗
7. Laws for work-hardening and low-temperature creep10.1115/1.3443340 ↗
8. Physics and phenomenology of strain hardening: the FCC case10.1016/S0079-6425(02)00003-8 ↗
9. Work-hardening and work-softening of face-centred cubic metal crystals10.1080/14786435708243823 ↗
10. Thermally-activated deformation of BCC metals and alloys10.1016/0079-6425(92)90004-Q ↗
11. Work-hardening/softening behaviour of b.c.c. polycrystals during changing strain:: Part II. TEM observations of dislocation sheets in an IF steel during two-stage strain paths and their representation in terms of dislocation densities10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00067-2 ↗
12. Work-hardening/softening behaviour of b.c.c. polycrystals during changing strain paths: I. An integrated model based on substructure and texture evolution, and its prediction of the stress–strain behaviour of an IF steel during two-stage strain paths10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00066-0 ↗
13. Strain hardening behavior of aluminum alloyed Hadfield steel single crystals10.1016/j.actamat.2004.12.033 ↗
14. Hirth · 1982
15. Deformation twinning10.1016/0079-6425(94)00007-7 ↗
16. Effect of grain and twin boundaries on the hardening mechanisms of twinning-induced plasticity steels10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.10.050 ↗
17. On the relationship between the twin internal structure and the work-hardening rate of TWIP steels10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.07.016 ↗
18. A “universal” temperature scale for plastic flow10.1016/0001-6160(86)90088-X ↗
19. The effects of temperature and strain rate in fcc and bcc metals during extreme deformation rates10.1016/j.actamat.2018.03.029 ↗
20. The dependence of polycrystal work hardening on grain size10.1016/0001-6160(73)90158-2 ↗
21. Temperature and strain rate dependence of stress-strain behavior in a nickel-base superalloy10.1007/BF02811675 ↗
22. Revealing the strain-hardening behavior of twinning-induced plasticity steels: theory, simulations, experiments10.1016/j.actamat.2012.09.064 ↗
23. Effects of Al addition on structural evolution and tensile properties of the FeCoNiCrMn high-entropy alloy system10.1016/j.actamat.2013.09.037 ↗
24. Origin of the low precipitation hardening in magnesium alloys10.1016/j.actamat.2018.11.044 ↗
25. A unified theoretical model for work-hardening of polycrystalline metals10.1016/1359-6454(95)00342-8 ↗
26. Work hardening behavior of ultrafine-grained Mn transformation-induced plasticity steel10.1016/j.actamat.2011.08.030 ↗
27. Work hardening in ultrafine-grained titanium: MULTILAYERING and grading10.1016/j.actamat.2013.01.018 ↗
28. Achieving work hardening by forming boundaries on the nanoscale in a Ti-based metallic glass matrix composite10.1016/j.jmst.2020.02.036 ↗
29. Designing new work-hardenable ductile Ti-based multilayered bulk metallic glass composites with ex-situ and in-situ hybrid strategy10.1016/j.jmst.2019.12.037 ↗
30. Recovery of strain-hardening rate in Ni-Si alloys10.1038/srep15532 ↗
31. Synchronous improvement of the strength and plasticity of Ni-Co based superalloys10.1016/j.msea.2018.08.012 ↗
32. The synchronous improvement of the strength and plasticity of Ni alloys assisted by vacancies10.1016/j.msea.2016.10.110 ↗
33. Nanoparticle additions promote outstanding fracture toughness and fatigue strength in a cast Al-Cu alloy10.1016/j.matdes.2019.108221 ↗
34. Evaluation of dynamic hardening models for BCC, FCC, and HCP metals at a wide range of strain rates10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.02.004 ↗
35. A new phenomenological approach for modeling strain hardening behavior of face centered cubic materials10.1016/j.actamat.2019.08.002 ↗
36. Work-hardening model for polycrystalline metals under strain reversal at large strains10.1016/j.actamat.2007.01.003 ↗
37. Stage II work hardening in crystals10.1139/p67-054 ↗
38. Cold work hardening in stages IV and V of F.C.C. metals—I. Experiments and interpretation10.1016/0956-7151(93)90088-A ↗
39. LXXVIII. A theory of work-hardening of metals II: Flow without slip-lines, recovery and creep10.1080/14786440708521052 ↗
40. Large strain work hardening and textures10.1016/0079-6425(80)90001-8 ↗
41. Modelling of work hardening and stress saturation in FCC metals10.1016/S0079-6425(97)00032-7 ↗
42. On power-law type relationships and the Ludwigson explanation for the stress-strain behaviour of AISI 316 stainless steel10.1007/s10853-005-1078-9 ↗
43. On the strain-hardening parameters of metals10.1007/BF02644152 ↗
44. The strain work hardening of metals
45. Modelling of TWIP effect on work-hardening10.1016/S0921-5093(00)02019-0 ↗
46. Strain-hardening of twinning-induced plasticity steels10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.11.029 ↗
47. Relationship between strength and uniform elongation of metals based on an expenential hardening law10.1016/j.actamat.2022.117866 ↗
48. A statistical theory of flow stress and work-hardening10.1080/14786436608212647 ↗
49. Dislocation theory based constitutive modelling: foundations and applications10.1016/S0924-0136(98)00208-8 ↗
50. Improving tensile properties of Mg-Sn-Zn magnesium alloy sheets using pre-tension and ageing treatment10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.11.220 ↗
51. Effects of annealing treatment on the microstructure evolution and the strength degradation behavior of the commercially pure Al conductor10.1016/j.msea.2017.09.075 ↗
52. Exceptional high fatigue strength in Cu-15at.% Al alloy with moderate grain size10.1038/srep27433 ↗
53. Revealing the deformation mechanisms of Cu-Al alloys with high strength and good ductility10.1016/j.actamat.2016.03.015 ↗
54. On generalized kinematic hardening theory of plasticity10.1007/BF00534484 ↗
55. Kinematic hardening rule in single crystals10.1016/0020-7683(79)90055-6 ↗
56. The deformation of plastically non-homogeneous materials10.1080/14786437008238426 ↗
57. Back-stresses, image stresses, and work-hardening10.1016/0001-6160(73)90145-4 ↗
58. The work-hardening of copper-silica: IV. The Bauschinger effect and plastic relaxation10.1080/14786437408207280 ↗
59. The work-hardening of copper-silica10.1080/14786437108217406 ↗
60. Indentation size effects in crystalline materials: a law for strain gradient plasticity10.1016/S0022-5096(97)00086-0 ↗
61. A phenomenological theory for strain gradient effects in plasticity10.1016/0022-5096(93)90072-N ↗
62. Strain gradient plasticity: theory and experiment10.1016/0956-7151(94)90502-9 ↗
63. Non-local crystal plasticity model with intrinsic SSD and GND effects10.1016/j.jmps.2004.03.007 ↗
64. The effect of dispersed phases upon dislocation distributions in plastically deformed copper crystals10.1080/14786436708229685 ↗
65. The role of internal stresses on the plastic deformation of the Al–Mg–Si–Cu alloy AA611110.1080/14786430801894569 ↗
66. The influence of precipitation on the work-hardening behavior of the aluminum alloys AA6111 and AA703010.1007/s11661-003-0007-2 ↗
67. The effect of shear-resistant, plate-shaped precipitates on the work hardening of Al alloys: towards a prediction of the strength–elongation correlation10.1016/j.actamat.2009.08.034 ↗
68. Microstructure-based modelling of isotropic and kinematic strain hardening in a precipitation-hardened aluminium alloy10.1016/j.actamat.2011.02.035 ↗
69. Integrated modeling of friction stir welding of 6xxx series Al alloys: PROCESS, microstructure and properties10.1016/j.pmatsci.2011.05.003 ↗
70. Enhanced modeling of hardening in crystal plasticity for FCC metals
71. Crystal plasticity model with enhanced hardening by geometrically necessary dislocation accumulation10.1016/S0022-5096(02)00032-7 ↗
72. Deformation and fracture mechanisms in fine-and ultrafine-grained ferrite/martensite dual-phase steels and the effect of aging10.1016/j.actamat.2010.10.002 ↗
73. Effect of grain refinement to 1 µm on strength and toughness of dual-phase steels10.1016/j.msea.2010.08.062 ↗
74. Structure–property optimization of ultrafine-grained dual-phase steels using a microstructure-based strain hardening model10.1016/j.actamat.2006.11.029 ↗
75. Scale dependent crystal plasticity framework with dislocation density and grain boundary effects10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.04.021 ↗
76. On the mechanisms of dynamic recovery10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00235-X ↗
77. Mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials10.1016/j.pmatsci.2005.08.003 ↗
78. Analysis of strengthening mechanisms in a severely-plastically-deformed Al–Mg–Si alloy with submicron grain size10.1007/s10853-006-0564-z ↗
79. Strength and strain hardening of a selective laser melted AlSi10Mg alloy10.1016/j.scriptamat.2017.07.025 ↗
80. A new analysis of yielding and work hardening in AA1100 and AA5754 at low temperatures10.1016/j.actamat.2012.08.014 ↗
81. New biaxial yield function for aluminum alloys based on plastic work and work-hardening analyses10.1016/j.actamat.2016.07.036 ↗
82. Strength and strain hardening of aluminum matrix composites with randomly dispersed nanometer-length fragmented carbon nanotubes10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.01.013 ↗
83. The influence of microstructure on work hardening in aluminum10.1016/1359-6454(95)00403-3 ↗
84. Microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu and Cu-Zn alloys produced by equal channel angular pressing10.1016/j.msea.2010.12.080 ↗
85. The criteria for microstructure evolution of Cu and Cu-Al alloys induced by cyclic loading10.1016/j.msea.2016.04.069 ↗
86. Optimizing strength and ductility of Cu-Zn alloys through severe plastic deformation10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.07.040 ↗
87. Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Cu–Al alloys subjected to equal channel angular pressing10.1016/j.actamat.2008.12.002 ↗
88. Revealing the maximum strength in nanotwinned copper10.1126/science.1167641 ↗
89. Ultrahigh strength and high electrical conductivity in copper10.1126/science.1092905 ↗
90. Influence of specimen dimensions on the tensile behavior of ultrafine-grained Cu10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.05.031 ↗
91. Temperature dependence of strain hardening and plastic instability behaviors in austenitic stainless steels10.1016/j.actamat.2004.05.003 ↗
92. Modeling work hardening of pearlitic steels by phenomenological and Taylor-type micromechanical models10.1016/j.actamat.2005.10.030 ↗
93. A β-titanium alloy with extra high strain-hardening rate: Design and mechanical properties10.1016/j.scriptamat.2015.11.020 ↗
94. Unified modeling of work hardening and flow softening in two-phase titanium alloys considering microstructure evolution in thermomechanical processes10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.07.079 ↗
95. Predicting tensile properties of Ti-6Al-4V produced via directed energy deposition10.1016/j.actamat.2017.05.025 ↗
96. Strain hardening of titanium: role of deformation twinning10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00239-8 ↗
97. Simultaneous improvement in strength and plasticity of Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn manufactured by selective laser melting10.1016/j.matdes.2018.07.036 ↗
98. Work hardening mechanism based on molecular dynamics simulation in cutting Ni–Fe–Cr series of Ni-based alloy10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.153331 ↗
99. Effect of interstitials on tensile strength and creep in nanostructured Ni10.1016/j.actamat.2004.09.034 ↗
100. The synchronous improvement of strength and plasticity (SISP) in new Ni-Co based disc superalloys by controling stacking fault energy10.1038/s41598-017-07884-4 ↗