Enhancing mechanical and erosive properties of hybrid polymer composites using synergistic fiber-filler interactions

This study explores the mechanical, water absorption, and erosive wear properties of hybrid polymer composites reinforced with treated hemp, carbon, and basalt fibers. The composites were fabricated using the hand lay-up method, with epoxy resin as the matrix and fillers (CaCO ₃ and coconut fiber) incorporated to enhance performance. Treated hemp fibers underwent 5% NaOH treatment to improve fiber-matrix adhesion, and ASTM standards were followed for tensile, flexural, and impact tests. Water absorption was monitored over 10 days, and solid particle erosion was assessed under varying impingement angles. Results showed that Sample B2 (20% treated hemp, 6% basalt) exhibited superior mechanical properties, including flexural strength (15% higher than comparable samples) and impact resistance (10% higher). Treated fibers and fillers minimized water absorption, while erosion resistance was maximized in carbon-basalt composites. SEM analysis confirmed uniform fiber dispersion and strong interfacial bonding in optimal samples, leading to improved load transfer and mechanical stability. This study demonstrates the potential of hybrid composites as high-performance materials for automotive, aerospace, and construction applications, emphasizing the critical role of balanced fiber composition and chemical treatments in optimizing material properties.