A perspective on organic electrode materials and technologies for next generation batteries

Abstract In this perspective article, we review some of the most recent advances in the emerging field of organic materials as the electroactive component in solid electrodes for batteries. These comprise, but are not limited to, organometallic salts, small molecular systems, redox-active macromolecules, as well as hybrid formulations with inorganic electrode constituents. The materials are first scrutinized in terms of their general electrochemical performance and most apparent challenges, while an outlook is then made into how to best utilize them in battery electrodes and in all-organic cells. An insight into the fundamental structural-dynamic properties of these compounds, not least explored through a range of modelling and characterization techniques, is also given to complement the experimental advances. The major advantages of these materials as compared to competing technologies are most likely their potentially low environmental impact and general sustainability, which forms the context of this summary of the research field and corresponding technology area.