A facile low-cost method for fabricating water-based aerogel reinforced by calcium silicate waste with enhanced mechanical properties

1. Z. Song, Y. Zhao, M. Yuan, L. Huang, M. Yuan, S. Cui, Thermal insulation and moisture resistance of high-performance silicon aerogel composite foam ceramic and foam glass. Adv. Eng. Mat. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.20210150810.1002/adem.202101508 ↗

2. E. Cuce, P.M. Cuce, C.J. Wood, S.B. Riffat, Toward aerogel based thermal superinsulation in buildings: a comprehensive review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 34, 273–299 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.03.01710.1016/j.rser.2014.03.017 ↗

3. N. Hüsing, U. Schubert, Aerogels — Airy Materials: Chemistry, Structure, and Properties. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 37, 22–45 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3773(19980202)37:1/2%3c22::Aid-anie22%3e3.0.Co;2-i10.1002/(sici)1521-3773(19980202)37:1/2<22::Aid-anie22>3.0.Co;2-i ↗

4. H. Liu, J.A. Liu, Y. Tian, X. Wu, Z. Li, Investigation of high temperature thermal insulation performance of fiber-reinforced silica aerogel composites. Int. J. Thermal Sci. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2022.10782710.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2022.107827 ↗

5. Z. Mazrouei-Sebdani, H. Begum, S. Schoenwald, K.V. Horoshenkov, W.J. Malfait, A review on silica aerogel-based materials for acoustic applications. J. Non-Cryst. Solids (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2021.12077010.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2021.120770 ↗

6. S. Liu, K. Zhu, S. Cui, X. Shen, G. Tan, A novel building material with low thermal conductivity: Rapid synthesis of foam concrete reinforced silica aerogel and energy performance simulation. Energy Build. 177, 385–393 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.08.01410.1016/j.enbuild.2018.08.014 ↗

7. S. Malakooti, G. Qin, C. Mandal, R. Soni, T. Taghvaee, Y. Ren, H. Chen, N. Tsao, J. Shiao, S.S. Kulkarni, C. Sotiriou-Leventis, N. Leventis, H. Lu, Low-cost, ambient-dried, superhydrophobic, high strength, thermally insulating, and thermally resilient polybenzoxazine aerogels. ACS Appl. Polym. Mat. 1, 2322–2333 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.9b0040810.1021/acsapm.9b00408 ↗

8. S.H.E.N. Jun, Z.H.A.N.G. Zhihua, W.U. Guangming, Z.H.O.U. Bin, N.I. Xingyuan, W.A.N.G. Jue, Preparation and characterization of silica aerogels derived from ambient pressure [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 22(06), 798–802 (2006)

9. S.D. Bhagat, Y.-H. Kim, Y.-S. Ahn, J.-G. Yeo, Rapid synthesis of water-glass based aerogels by in situ surface modification of the hydrogels. Appl. Surf. Sci. 253, 3231–3236 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.07.01610.1016/j.apsusc.2006.07.016 ↗

10. Y. Pan, S. He, L. Gong, X. Cheng, C. Li, Z. Li, Z. Liu, H. Zhang, Low thermal-conductivity and high thermal stable silica aerogel based on MTMS/Water-glass co-precursor prepared by freeze drying. Mat. Des. 113, 246–253 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.09.08310.1016/j.matdes.2016.09.083 ↗

11. W. Ding, X. Wang, D. Chen, T. Li, J. Shen, Cast-in-situ, large-sized monolithic silica xerogel prepared in aqueous system. Molecules (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules2305117810.3390/molecules23051178 ↗

12. Y. Gao, X. Meng, A comprehensive review of integrating phase change materials in building bricks: Methods, performance and applications. J. Energy Storage 62, 106913 (2023)10.1016/j.est.2023.106913 ↗

13. D. Ürge-Vorsatz, L.F. Cabeza, S. Serrano, C. Barreneche, K. Petrichenko, Heating and cooling energy trends and drivers in buildings. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 41, 85–98 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.08.03910.1016/j.rser.2014.08.039 ↗

14. A. Akhtar, A.K. Sarmah, Construction and demolition waste generation and properties of recycled aggregate concrete: A global perspective. J. Clean. Product. 186, 262–281 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.08510.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.085 ↗

15. W. Ferdous, A. Manalo, R. Siddique, P. Mendis, Y. Zhuge, H.S. Wong, W. Lokuge, T. Aravinthan, P. Schubel, Recycling of landfill wastes (tyres, plastics and glass) in construction – A review on global waste generation, performance, application and future opportunities. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.10574510.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105745 ↗

16. O.E. Ogunmakinde, T. Egbelakin, W. Sher, Contributions of the circular economy to the UN sustainable development goals through sustainable construction. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.10602310.1016/j.resconrec.2021.106023 ↗

17. P. Zhang, Z. Gao, J. Wang, J. Guo, S. Hu, Y. Ling, Properties of fresh and hardened fly ash/slag based geopolymer concrete: A review. J. Clean. Product. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.12238910.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122389 ↗

18. S. Tang, Y. Wang, Z. Geng, X. Xu, W. Yu, H. A, J. Chen, Structure fractality, mechanics and durability of calcium silicate hydrates. Fractal Fract. (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract502004710.3390/fractalfract5020047 ↗

19. P.X. Cao, L. Xing, J. Luo, H. Jiang, X. Zhang, G.H. Li, Preparation of calcium silicate board from tobermorite-rich residue for energy conservation in buildings. Constr. Build. Mat. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.13354710.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133547 ↗

20. N.H.N. Do, T.M. Le, H.Q. Tran, N.Q. Pham, K.A. Le, P.T.T. Nguyen, H.M. Duong, T.A. Le, P.K. Le, Green recycling of fly ash into heat and sound insulation composite aerogels reinforced by recycled polyethylene terephthalate fibers. J. Clean. Product. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.12913810.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129138 ↗

21. D.R. Karsa, J.F. Houston, What are Surfactants in 2007.10.1002/9780470988596.ch1 ↗

22. L.B. Skinner, S.R. Chae, C.J. Benmore, H.R. Wenk, P.J.M. Monteiro, Nanostructure of calcium silicate hydrates in cements. Phys. Rev. Letters 104, 195502 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.19550210.1103/PhysRevLett.104.195502 ↗

23. D. Hou, J. Yu, P. Wang, Molecular dynamics modeling of the structure, dynamics, energetics and mechanical properties of cement-polymer nanocomposite. Composites Part B: Eng. 162, 433–444 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.12.14210.1016/j.compositesb.2018.12.142 ↗

24. R. Schulte Holthausen, M. Raupach, Monitoring the internal swelling in cementitious mortars with single-sided 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. Cement Concr. Res. 111, 138–146 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.05.02110.1016/j.cemconres.2018.05.021 ↗

25. E. Gallucci, X. Zhang, K.L. Scrivener, Effect of temperature on the microstructure of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H). Cement Concr. Res. 53, 185–195 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.06.00810.1016/j.cemconres.2013.06.008 ↗

26. S. Wang, X. Peng, L. Tang, C. Cao, L. Zeng, Contact-hardening behavior of calcium silicate hydrate powders. Materials (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1112236710.3390/ma11122367 ↗

27. D. Chen, X. Wang, W. Ding, W. Zou, Q. Zhu, J. Shen, Silica aerogel monoliths derived from silica hydrosol with various surfactants. Molecules (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules2312319210.3390/molecules23123192 ↗

28. X.-L. Yang, X.-Y. Cui, C. Cui, H.-L. Ma, Q. Yang, Study on high-temperature phase change of tobermorite. Spectrosc. Spectr. Anal. 33, 2227–2230 (2013). https://doi.org/10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2013)08-2227-0410.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2013)08-2227-04 ↗

29. X.C. Lin, S.L. Li, W.X. Li, Z.H. Wang, J.Y. Zhang, B.W. Liu, T. Fu, H.B. Zhao, Y.Z. Wang, Thermo-responsive self-ceramifiable robust aerogel with exceptional strengthening and thermal insulating performance at ultrahigh temperatures. Adv. Funct. Mat. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.20221491310.1002/adfm.202214913 ↗

30. A.V. Rao, M.M. Kulkarni, D.P. Amalnerkar, T. Seth, Surface chemical modification of silica aerogels using various alkyl-alkoxy/chloro silanes. Appl. Surf. Sci. 206, 262–270 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-4332(02)01232-110.1016/S0169-4332(02)01232-1 ↗

31. Y. Kong, G. Jiang, M. Fan, X. Shen, S. Cui, A.G. Russell, A new aerogel based CO2 adsorbent developed using a simple sol-gel method along with supercritical drying. Chem. Commun. (Camb.) 50, 12158–12161 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cc06424k10.1039/c4cc06424k ↗

32. Q. Ba Thai, T. Ee Siang, D. Le Khac, W.A. Shah, N. Phan-Thien, H.M. Duong, Advanced fabrication and multi-properties of rubber aerogels from car tire waste. Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 577, 702–708 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.06.02910.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.06.029 ↗

33. S. Ahankari, P. Paliwal, A. Subhedar, H. Kargarzadeh, Recent developments in nanocellulose-based aerogels in thermal applications: A review. ACS Nano 15, 3849–3874 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c0967810.1021/acsnano.0c09678 ↗

34. L. Liu, X. Wang, Z. Zhang, Y. Shi, Y. Zhao, S. Shen, X. Yao, J. Shen, A facile method for fabricating a monolithic mullite fiber-reinforced alumina aerogel with excellent mechanical and thermal properties. Gels (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/gels806038010.3390/gels8060380 ↗

35. D. Wang, H. Peng, B. Yu, K. Zhou, H. Pan, L. Zhang, M. Li, M. Liu, A. Tian, S. Fu, Biomimetic structural cellulose nanofiber aerogels with exceptional mechanical, flame-retardant and thermal-insulating properties. Chem. Eng. J. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.12444910.1016/j.cej.2020.124449 ↗

36. S. Yun, T. Guo, J. Zhang, L. He, Y. Li, H. Li, X. Zhu, Y. Gao, Facile synthesis of large-sized monolithic methyltrimethoxysilane-based silica aerogel via ambient pressure drying. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 83, 53–63 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-017-4377-010.1007/s10971-017-4377-0 ↗

37. C. Biagioni, E. Bonaccorsi, S. Merlino, D. Bersani, New data on the thermal behavior of 14Å tobermorite. Cement Concr. Res. 49, 48–54 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.03.00710.1016/j.cemconres.2013.03.007 ↗