Facile conversion of glycerol to 1,3-dihydroxyacetone by using mesoporous CuO–SnO2 composite oxide supported Au catalysts
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Selective catalytic oxidation of polyols, e.g., the selective catalytic oxidation of the secondary –OH bond in glycerol, remains a considerable challenge. In this study, a series of mesoporous CuO–SnO2 composite oxides were prepared by a hard-template method and used to support Au catalysts for the selective oxidation of glycerol to 1,3-dihydroxyacetone (DHA) under base-free conditions. Catalysts with different Cu:Sn molar ratios gave different catalytic performances. A high conversion of glycerol (100%) and selectivity for DHA (94.7%) were obtained in 2 h at 80°C and PO2 = 1 MPa over the Au/CuO–SnO2-3:1 catalyst. Further investigation indicated that the high catalytic activity of Au/CuO–SnO2-3:1 is related to the small size and high dispersion of Au nanoparticles (NPs), the interactions between the Au NPs and the support, the synergistic effect between CuO and SnO2, and the amount of surface lattice oxygen species. Various reaction parameters, namely the glycerol:Au molar ratio, the reaction temperature, the initial O2 pressure, the reaction time, and the support calcination temperature were studied. Although the conversion rate by the catalyst decreased after four cycles, the selectivity remained above 86%. Density functional theory calculations showed that the synergy between CuO and SnO2 improves the catalytic activity in glycerol oxidation to DHA. The results show that mesoporous composite oxide supports have a wide range of potential applications in the selective oxidation of glycerol to other high-value-added products.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Catalytic Processes in Materials Science · Nanomaterials for catalytic reactions · Mesoporous Materials and Catalysis
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (65)
Show source-provided references
1. E. Sendzikiene, V. Makareviciene, Biodiesel fuel synthesis by interesterification of triglycerides with carboxylate esters of low molecular weight. Rev. Chem. Eng. 37(2), 259–276 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2018-008310.1515/revce-2018-0083 ↗
2. N.P. Asri, S. Machmudah, K. Budikarjono, A. Roesyadi, M. Goto, Palm oil transesterification in sub-and supercritical methanol with heterogeneous base catalyst. Chem. Eng. Process 72, 63–67 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2013.07.00310.1016/j.cep.2013.07.003 ↗
3. Z.Y. He, X.M. Ning, G.X. Yang, H.J. Wang, Y.H. Cao, F. Peng, H. Yu, Selective oxidation of glycerol over supported noble metal catalysts. Catal. Today 365, 162–171 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2020.04.01910.1016/j.cattod.2020.04.019 ↗
4. L.H. Yang, X.W. Li, P. Chen, Z.Y. Hou, Selective oxidation of glycerol in a base-free aqueous solution: A short review. Chin. J. Catal. 40, 1020–1034 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2067(19)63301-210.1016/S1872-2067(19)63301-2 ↗
5. A. Talebian-Kiakalaieh, N.A.S. Amin, K. Rajaei, S. Tarighi, Oxidation of bio-renewable glycerol to value-added chemicals through catalytic and electro-chemical processes. Appl. Energy 230, 1347–1379 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.00610.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.006 ↗
6. B. Katryniok, H. Kimura, E. Skrzynska, J.S. Girardon, P. Fongarland, M. Capron, R. Ducoulombier, N. Mimura, S. Paul, F. Dumeignil, Selective catalytic oxidation of glycerol: perspectives for high value chemicals. Green Chem. 13, 1960–1979 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/c1gc15320j10.1039/c1gc15320j ↗
7. G. Dodekatos, S. Schünemann, H. Tüysüz, Recent advances in Thermo-, Photo-, and Electrocatalytic glycerol oxidation. ACS Catal. 8(7), 6301–6333 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b0131710.1021/acscatal.8b01317 ↗
8. P.M. Walgode, R.P.V. Faria, A.E. Rodrigues, A review of aerobic glycerol oxidation processes using heterogeneous catalysts: a sustainable pathway for the production of dihydroxyacetone. Catalysis Reviews 63(3), 422–511 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1080/01614940.2020.174725310.1080/01614940.2020.1747253 ↗
9. G.D. Wu, G.Q. Zhao, J.H. Sun, X.Z. Cao, Y.F. He, J.T. Feng, D.Q. Li, The effect of oxygen vacancies in ZnO at an Au/ZnO interface on its catalytic selective oxidation of glycerol. J. Catal. 377, 271–282 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2019.06.03010.1016/j.jcat.2019.06.030 ↗
10. H. Tan, C.J. Yao, T. Zhan, W.Q. Li, J.P. Zhu, G. Wang, W.B. Liu, M.T. Sun, S.H. Wang, Selective oxidation of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone over N-doped porous carbon stabilized CuxO supported Au catalysts. Mol. Catal. 498, 111243 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcat.2020.11124310.1016/j.mcat.2020.111243 ↗
11. Y.X. Wang, Y.F. Pu, D.P. Yuan, J. Luo, F. Li, F.K. Xiao, N. Zhao, Selective oxidation of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone over Au/CuxZr1−xOy catalysts in base-free conditions. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 11(47), 44058–44068 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b1288610.1021/acsami.9b12886 ↗
12. S.X. Feng, J. Yi, H. Miura, N. Nakatani, M. Hada, T. Shishido, Experimental and theoretical investigation of the role of bismuth in promoting the selective oxidation of glycerol over supported Pt-Bi catalyst under mild conditions. ACS Catal. 10(11), 6071–6083 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c0097410.1021/acscatal.0c00974 ↗
13. S. Hirasawa, H. Watanabe, T. Kizuka, Y. Nakagawa, K. Tomishige, Performance, structure and mechanism of Pd–Ag alloy catalyst for selective oxidation of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone. J. Catal. 300, 205–216 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2013.01.01410.1016/j.jcat.2013.01.014 ↗
14. E.G. Rodrigues, M.F.R. Pereira, J.J. Delgado, X.W. Chen, J.J.M. Orfao, Enhancement of the selectivity to dihydroxyacetone in glycerol oxidation using gold nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes. Catal. Commun. 16, 64–69 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2011.09.00910.1016/j.catcom.2011.09.009 ↗
15. F. Porta, L. Prati, M. Rossi, G. Scari, New Au(0) sols as precursors for heterogeneous liquid-phase oxidation catalysts. J. Catal. 211(2), 464–469 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1006/jcat.2002.374510.1006/jcat.2002.3745 ↗
16. S. Carrettin, P. McMorn, P. Johnston, K. Griffin, G.J. Hutchings, Selective oxidation of glycerol to glyceric acid using a gold catalyst in aqueous sodium hydroxide. Chem. Commun. 7, 696–697 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1039/b201112n10.1039/b201112n ↗
17. S. Demirel-Gülen, M. Lucas, P. Claus, Liquid phase oxidation of glycerol over carbon supported gold catalysts. Catal. Today 102–103, 166–172 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2005.02.03310.1016/j.cattod.2005.02.033 ↗
18. F. Porta, L. Prati, Selective oxidation of glycerol to sodium glycerate with gold-on-carbon catalyst: an insight into reaction selectivity. J. Catal. 224, 397–403 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2004.03.00910.1016/j.jcat.2004.03.009 ↗
19. S. Carrettin, P. McMorn, P. Johnston, K. Griffin, C.J. Kiely, G.J. Hutchings, Oxidation of glycerol using supported Pt, Pd and Au catalysts. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 5, 1329–1336 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1039/B212047J10.1039/B212047J ↗
20. F.F. Wang, S. Shao, C.L. Liu, C.L. Xu, R.Z. Yang, W.S. Dong, Selective oxidation of glycerol over Pt supported on mesoporous carbon nitride in base-free aqueous solution. Chem. Eng. J. 264, 336–343 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.11.11510.1016/j.cej.2014.11.115 ↗
21. S. Demirel-Gülen, M. Lucas, P. Claus, Liquid phase oxidation of glycerol over carbon supported gold catalysts. Catal. Today 102, 166–172 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2005.02.03310.1016/j.cattod.2005.02.033 ↗
22. S. Demirel, K. Lehnert, M. Lucas et al., Use of renewables for the production of chemicals: Glycerol oxidation over carbon supported gold catalysts. Appl. Catal. B 70(1–4), 637–643 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2005.11.03610.1016/j.apcatb.2005.11.036 ↗
23. S. Demirel, P. Kern, M. Lucas et al., Oxidation of mono-and polyalcohols with gold: Comparison of carbon and ceria supported catalysts. Catal. Today 122(3–4), 292–300 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2006.12.00210.1016/j.cattod.2006.12.002 ↗
24. S.S. Liu, K.Q. Sun, B.Q. Xu, Specific selectivity of Au-catalyzed oxidation of glycerol and other C3-polyols in water without the presence of a base. ACS Catal. 4(7), 2226–2230 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/cs500556810.1021/cs5005568 ↗
25. Y. Meng, S.H. Zou, Y.H. Zhou, W.Z. Yi, Y. Yan, B. Ye, L.P. Xiao, J.J. Liu, H. Kobayashi, J. Fan, Activating molecular oxygen by Au/ZnO to selectively oxidize glycerol to dihydroxyacetone. Catal. Sci. Technol. 8, 2524–2528 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CY00319J10.1039/C8CY00319J ↗
26. Y.N. Pan, G.D. Wu, Y.F. He, J.T. Feng, D.Q. Li, Identification of the Au/ZnO interface as the specific active site for the selective oxidation of the secondary alcohol group in glycerol. J. Catal. 369, 222–232 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2018.10.03010.1016/j.jcat.2018.10.030 ↗
27. Z.F. Yuan, Z.K. Gao, B.Q. Xu, Acid-base property of the supporting material controls the selectivity of Au catalyst for glycerol oxidation in base-free water. Chin. J. Catal. 36, 1543–1551 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2067(15)60936-610.1016/S1872-2067(15)60936-6 ↗
28. Y.X. Wang, D.P. Yuan, J. Luo, Y.F. Pu, F. Li, F.K. Xiao, N. Zhao, The effects of calcination temperature of support on Au/CuO-ZrO2 catalysts for oxidation of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 560, 130–137 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2019.10.01710.1016/j.jcis.2019.10.017 ↗
29. Y.H. Ke, X. Wang, H.Y. Qin, H. Liu, H. Yuan, C.L. Liu, W.S. Dong, Cu-Al composite oxides: a highly efficient support for the selective oxidation of glycerol to 1, 3-dihydroxyacetone. New J. Chem. 44, 18173–18184 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/d0nj02967j10.1039/d0nj02967j ↗
30. Y.H. Ke, J.Y. Li, C.L. Liu, W.S. Dong, H. Liu, Zn(Al)O composite oxides supported Au catalysts for selective oxidation of glycerol to 1, 3-dihydroxyacetone. Chem. Ind. Eng. Progress 40(5), 2581–2592 (2021). https://doi.org/10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-124310.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1243 ↗
31. S. Schünemann, F. Schüth, H. Tüysüz, Selective glycerol oxidation over ordered mesoporous copper aluminum oxide catalysts. Catal. Sci. Technol. 7(23), 5614–5624 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CY01451A10.1039/C7CY01451A ↗
32. H. Yan, H. Qin, W. Liang, X. Jin, Y.S. Zhang, X. Feng, Y.B. Liu, X.B. Chen, C.H. Yang, Enhanced performance of bimetallic PtCo/MCM-41 catalysts for glycerol oxidation in base-free medium. Catal. Sci. Technol. 9(18), 4909–4919 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/C9CY01154D10.1039/C9CY01154D ↗
33. H. Yan, S. Yao, B. Yin, W. Liang, X. Jin, X. Feng, Y.B. Liu, X.B. Chen, C.H. Yang, Synergistic effects of bimetallic PtRu/MCM-41 nanocatalysts for glycerol oxidation in base-free medium: Structure and electronic coupling dependent activity. Appl. Catal. B 259, 118070 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.11807010.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118070 ↗
34. H.G. Peng, Y. Liu, Y.R. Li, X.H. Zhang, X.L. Tang, X.L. Xu, X.Z. Fang, W.M. Liu, N. Zhang, X. Wang, Mesoporous high-surface-area Copper-Tin mixed-oxide nanorods: remarkable for carbon monoxide oxidation. ChemCatChem 8, 2329–2334 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.20160022110.1002/cctc.201600221 ↗
35. M.D. Segall, P.J.D. Lindan, M.J. Probert, C.J. Pickard, P.J. Hasnip, S.J. Clark, M.C. Payne, First-principles simulation: ideas, illustrations and the CASTEP code. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 14, 2717–2744 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/14/11/30110.1088/0953-8984/14/11/301 ↗
36. J. Hu, D.D. Li, J.G. Lu, R.Q. Wu, Effects on electronic properties of molecule adsorption on CuO surfaces and nanowires. J. Phys. Chem. C 114(40), 17120–17126 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp103908910.1021/jp1039089 ↗
37. Z.S. Lu, D.W. Ma, L. Yang, X.B. Wang, G.L. Xu, Z.X. Yang, Direct CO oxidation by lattice oxygen on the SnO2(110) surface: a DFT study. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, 12488–12494 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cp00540f10.1039/c4cp00540f ↗
38. F. Rouquerol, J. Rouquerol, K. Sing, Adsorption by powders and porous solids principles methodology and applications (Academic Press, New York, USA, 1999)
39. Y.Q. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Guo, J.W. Xu, X.L. Xu, X.Z. Fang, J.J. Liu, W.F. Chen, H. Arandiyan, X. Wang, Tuning SnO2 surface area for catalytic toluene deep oxidation: on the inherent factors determining the reactivity. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 57, 14052–14063 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.8b0340110.1021/acs.iecr.8b03401 ↗
40. M.U.D. Sheikh, G.A. Naikoo, M. Thomas, M. Bano, D. Ahirwar, U.J. Pandit, F. Khan, Fabrication of hierarchically mesoporous CuO nanostructures and their role as heterogenous catalysts and sensors. RSC Adv. 6, 42807–42818 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA07307G10.1039/C6RA07307G ↗
41. C. Liu, Q. Kuang, Z.X. Xie, L.S. Zheng, The effect of noble metal (Au, Pd and Pt) nanoparticles on the gas sensing performance of SnO2-based sensors: a case study on the 221 high-index faceted SnO2 octahedra. CrystEngComm 17, 6308–6313 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CE01162K10.1039/C5CE01162K ↗
42. B. Katryniok, H. Kimura, E. Skrzyńska, J.S. Girardon, P. Fongarland, M. Capron, R. Ducoulombier, N. Mimur, S. Paul, F. Dumeignil, Selective catalytic oxidation of glycerol: perspectives for high value chemicals. Green Chem. 13, 1960–1979 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/c1gc15320j10.1039/c1gc15320j ↗
43. J.L. Ayastuy, E. Fernandez-Puertas, M.P. Gonzalez-Marcos, M.A. Gutierrez-Ortiz, Transition metal promoters in CuO/CeO2 catalysts for CO removal from hydrogen streams. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 37, 7385–7397 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.02.00710.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.02.007 ↗
44. X.Q. Bai, S.J. Chai, C. Liu, K. Ma, Q.P. Cheng, Y. Tian, T. Ding, Z. Jiang, J. Zhang, L.R. Zheng, X.G. Li, Insight on CuO-SnO2 catalysts for catalytic oxidation of CO: identification of active copper species and reaction mechanism. ChemCatChem 9, 3226–3235 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.20170046010.1002/cctc.201700460 ↗
45. J. Zheng, Z. Chen, J.F. Fang, Z. Wang, S.F. Zuo, MCM-41 supported nano-sized CuO-CeO2 for catalytic combustion of chlorobenzene. J. Rare Earths 38, 933–940 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jre.2019.06.00510.1016/j.jre.2019.06.005 ↗
46. S.H. Zeng, Y. Wang, K.W. Liu, F.R. Liu, H.Q. Su, CeO2 nanoparticles supported on CuO with petal-like and sphere-flower morphologies for preferential CO oxidation. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 37, 11640–11649 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.05.08610.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.05.086 ↗
47. L. Li, Y. Zhan, Q. Zheng, Y. Zheng, X. Lin, D. Li, J. Zhu, Water–gas shift reaction over aluminum promoted Cu/CeO2 nanocatalysts characterized by XRD, BET, TPR and cyclic voltammetry(CV). Catal. Lett. 118, 91–97 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-007-9155-010.1007/s10562-007-9155-0 ↗
48. J.L. Ayastuy, E. Fernández-Puertas, M.P. González-Marcos, M.A. Gutiérrez-Ortiz, Transition metal promoters in CuO/CeO2 catalysts for CO removal from hydrogen streams. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 37, 7385–7397 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.02.00710.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.02.007 ↗
49. J. Xu, T. White, P. Li, C.H. He, J.G. Yu, W.K. Yuan, Y.F. Han, Biphasic Pd-Au alloy catalyst for low-temperature CO oxidation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(30), 10398–10406 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja102617r10.1021/ja102617r ↗
50. A.Q. Wang, J.H. Liu, S.D. Lin, T.S. Lin, C.Y. Mou, A novel efficient Au-Ag alloy catalyst system: preparation, activity, and characterization. J. Catal. 233(1), 186–197 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2005.04.02810.1016/j.jcat.2005.04.028 ↗
51. G.J. Zhai, J.G. Wang, Z.M. Chen, S.F. Yang, Y. Men, J.M. Hazard, Highly enhanced soot oxidation activity over 3DOM Co3O4-CeO2 catalysts by synergistic promoting effect. J. Hazard. Mater. 363, 214–226 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.06510.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.065 ↗
52. G.J. Zhai, J.G. Wang, Z.M. Chen, W. An, Y. Men, Boosting soot combustion efficiency of Co3O4 nanocrystals via tailoring crystal facets. Chem. Eng. J. 337, 488–498 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.12.14110.1016/j.cej.2017.12.141 ↗
53. K. Li, Y.J. Wang, S.R. Wang, B.L. Zhu, S.M. Zhang, W.P. Hang, S.H. Wu, A comparative study of CuO/TiO2-SnO2, CuO/TiO2 and CuO/SnO2 catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation. J. Nat. Gas Chem. 18(4), 449–452 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-9953(08)60144-910.1016/S1003-9953(08)60144-9 ↗
54. Z. Chai, C. Jiang, Electrochemical/chemical growth of porous (Ni Co, Cu)(OH)2 as an electrode material: Ternary Ni-Co-Cu nanocrystalline films corroded in neutral salt spray. Electrochim. Acta 294, 11–21 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.09510.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.095 ↗
55. R. Hu, P.F. Yang, Y.N. Pan, Y.P. Li, Y.F. He, J.T. Feng, D.Q. Li, Synthesis of a highly dispersed CuO catalyst on CoAl-HT for the epoxidation of styrene. Dalton Trans. 46(39), 13463–13471 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/c7dt02247f10.1039/c7dt02247f ↗
56. Boukha Z, Ayastuy JL, Iglesias-González A, Pereda-AyoB, Gutiérrez-Ortiz MA, González-Velasco JR. Preparation and characterisation of CuO/Al2O3 films deposited onto stainless steel microgrids for CO oxidation. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2014, 160: 629–640. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.06.002.10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.06.002 ↗
57. Z.P. Hu, Y.P. Zhu, Z.M. Gao, G. Wang, Y. Liu, X. Liu, Z.Y. Yuan, CuO catalysts supported on activated red mud for efficient catalytic carbon monoxide oxidation. Chem. Eng. J. 302, 23–32 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.05.00810.1016/j.cej.2016.05.008 ↗
58. F. Li, L.H. Zhang, D.G. Evans, X. Duan, Structure and surface chemistry of manganese-doped copper-based mixed metal oxides derived from layered double hydroxides. Colloids Surf., A 244(1), 169–177 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.06.02210.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.06.022 ↗
59. J. Haber, T. Machej, L. Ungier, J. Ziolkowski, ESCA studies of copper oxides and copper molybdates. J. Solid State Chem. 25(3), 207–218 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596(78)90105-610.1016/0022-4596(78)90105-6 ↗
60. P.E. Schofield, C.M.B. Henderson, S.A.T. Redfern et al., Cu 2p absorption spectroscopy as a probe for the site occupancy of (ZnxCu1−x) WO4 solid solution. Phys. Chem. Miner. 20(6), 375–381 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/bf0020310610.1007/bf00203106 ↗
61. Y. Maimaiti, M. Nolan, S.D. Elliott, Reduction mechanisms of the CuO(111) surface through surface oxygen vacancy formation and hydrogen adsorption. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16(7), 3036–3046 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cp53991a10.1039/c3cp53991a ↗
62. H.T. Hsueh, S.J. Chang, F.Y. Hung, W.Y. Weng, C.L. Hsu, T.J. Hsueh, S.S. Lin, B.T. Dai, Ethanol gas sensor of crabwise CuO nanowires prepared on glass substrate. J. Electrochem. Soc. (2011). https://doi.org/10.1149/1.355150510.1149/1.3551505 ↗
63. A.K. Mishra, A. Roldan, N.H. de Leeuw, CuO surfaces and CO2 activation a dispersion-corrected DFT plus U study. J. Phys. Chem. C 120(4), 2198–2214 (2016)10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b10431 ↗
64. X.L. Xu, R.B. Zhang, X.R. Zeng, X. Han, Y.C. Li, Y. Liu, X. Wang, Effects of La, Ce, and Y oxides on SnO2 catalysts for CO and CH4 oxidation. ChemCatChem 5(7), 2025–2036 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.20120076010.1002/cctc.201200760 ↗
65. I. Kocemba, J.M. Rynkowski, The effect of oxygen adsorption on catalytic activity of SnO2 in CO oxidation. Catal. Today 169(1), 192–199 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2010.09.01510.1016/j.cattod.2010.09.015 ↗