Character of the OH Bend–Stretch Combination Band in the Vibrational Spectra of the “Magic” Number H₃O⁺(H₂O)₂₀ and D₃O⁺(D₂O)₂₀ Cluster Ions

The fundamental transitions that contribute to the diffuse OH stretching spectrum of water are known to increase in width and intensity with increasing red shift from the free OH frequency. In contrast, the profile of the higher-energy combination band involving the OH stretching and the intramolecular HOH bending modes displays a qualitatively different spectral shape with a much faster falloff on the lower-energy side. We elucidate the molecular origin of this difference by analyzing the shapes of the combination bands in the IR spectra of cryogenically cooled H 3 O + (H 2 O) 20 and D 3 O + (D 2 O) 20 clusters. The difference in the shapes of the bands is traced to differences in the dependence of their transition dipole matrix elements on the hydrogen-bonding environment. The fact that individual transitions across the combination band envelope have similar intensities makes it a useful way to determine the participation of various sites in extended H-bonding networks.