Oxides Induced Preferential Growth of {110} Planes for Superior Performance Single-Crystal LiMn₂O₄ through Solid-State Process

Polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide (LMO) is known to suffer from severe surface structure degradation and electrochemical polarization due to its mixed crystal plane orientations. A hexagonal prism single-crystal LMO (LMOS-HP), engineered through the SrO-induced preferential growth effect, features the most stable {111} top surfaces and the fastest Li + diffusion {110} side surfaces, effectively addressing these challenges. Consequently, LMOS-HP exhibits superior electrochemical capability, with only 0.021% capacity fading per cycle after 500 cycles and achieves a discharge capacity of 81.9 mAh g –1 at 20C. This innovative design offers a promising approach for tuning surface crystal orientation to improve performance.