Interstitial carbon induced FCC-Ti exhibiting ultrahigh strength in a Ti37Nb28Mo28-C7 complex concentrated alloy
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract An interstitial carbon induced-FCC-Ti was observed in a carbon-doped Ti37Nb28Mo28-C7 (atomic percentage) complex concentrated alloys (TNMC alloys). Not only the true crystal structure of this FCC-Ti was directly characterized using Cs-corrected STEM, but also the mechanical properties were tested by nanoindentation and micro-pillar compression for the first time. The FCC-Ti exhibited a high nano hardness of 17.8 GPa and a high elastic modulus of 233.1 GPa. The micropillar compression tests demonstrated the ultrahigh strengths of the interstitial C induced FCC-Ti (4.48 GPa at [1 1 1] direction, 2.67 GPa at [1 0 1] direction, and a CRSS of 1.12 ± 0.07 GPa). The nature of this FCC allotropic transformation was determined to be a rearrangement of lattice structure caused by interstitial C atoms, based on ab-initio studies. Findings in this study provide insights into the characteristics of FCC-Ti as well as the role of interstitial atoms in RCCAs which could open up unlimited possibilities in future material designing.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Metal and Thin Film Mechanics · Titanium Alloys Microstructure and Properties · Advanced materials and composites
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (91)
Show source-provided references
1. Novel Ti-base nanostructure-dendrite composite with enhanced plasticity10.1038/nmat792 ↗
2. Ti and its alloys as examples of cryogenic focused ion beam milling of environmentally-sensitive materials10.1038/s41467-019-08752-7 ↗
3. Microstructurally inhomogeneous composites: is a homogeneous reinforcement distribution optimal?10.1016/j.pmatsci.2015.01.002 ↗
4. Alloy design for aircraft engines10.1038/nmat4709 ↗
5. Boron modified titanium alloys10.1016/j.pmatsci.2020.100653 ↗
6. Perspectives on Titanium Science and Technology10.1016/j.actamat.2012.10.043 ↗
7. Phase-Transformation Ductilization of Brittle High-Entropy Alloys via Metastability Engineering10.1002/adma.201701678 ↗
8. Natural-mixing guided design of refractory high-entropy alloys with as-cast tensile ductility10.1038/s41563-020-0750-4 ↗
9. Enhanced strength and ductility in a high-entropy alloy via ordered oxygen complexes10.1038/s41586-018-0685-y ↗
10. Structural-disorder and its effect on mechanical properties in single-phase TaNbHfZr high-entropy alloy10.1016/j.actamat.2016.01.018 ↗
11. Gum-like mechanical behavior of a partially ordered Al5Nb24Ti40V5Zr26 high entropy alloy10.1016/j.intermet.2019.106652 ↗
12. Structure and mechanical properties of a low-density AlCrFeTi medium entropy alloy produced by spark plasma sintering
13. Superelastic effect in Ti-rich high entropy alloys via stress-induced martensitic transformation10.1016/j.scriptamat.2018.10.035 ↗
14. Design and tensile properties of a bcc Ti-rich high-entropy alloy with transformation-induced plasticity10.1080/21663831.2016.1221861 ↗
15. Development and exploration of refractory high entropy alloys—A review10.1557/jmr.2018.153 ↗
16. Interstitial atoms enable joint twinning and transformation induced plasticity in strong and ductile high-entropy alloys10.1038/srep40704 ↗
17. Strong and Ductile Non-equiatomic High-Entropy Alloys: Design, Processing, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties10.1007/s11837-017-2540-2 ↗
18. Boron doped ultrastrong and ductile high-entropy alloys10.1016/j.actamat.2018.04.004 ↗
19. In-situ SEM observation of phase transformation and twinning mechanisms in an interstitial high-entropy alloy10.1016/j.actamat.2018.01.036 ↗
20. Interstitial strengthening of refractory ZrTiHfNb0.5Ta0.5Ox (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) high-entropy alloys10.1016/j.matlet.2018.05.123 ↗
21. Effects of hot compression and heat treatment on the microstructure and tensile property of Ti–6.5Al–3.5Mo–1.5Zr–0.3Si alloy10.1016/j.msea.2007.12.034 ↗
22. Effect of strain reversal on the stress-induced martensitic transformation and tensile properties of a metastable β titanium alloy10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.01.010 ↗
23. Complexion-mediated martensitic phase transformation in Titanium10.1038/ncomms14210 ↗
24. Fine alpha in current and newly developed Ti alloys10.1016/j.actamat.2019.05.022 ↗
25. Oxygen effects on ω and α phase transformations in a metastable β Ti–Nb alloy10.1016/j.actamat.2019.09.049 ↗
26. On variant distribution and coarsening behavior of the α phase in a metastable β titanium alloy10.1016/j.actamat.2016.01.023 ↗
27. On recrystallization of the α and β phases in titanium alloys10.1016/j.actamat.2017.04.008 ↗
28. Epitaxial Growth of Titanium Thin Films10.1116/1.1315691 ↗
29. The formation of f.c.c. titanium in titanium-aluminum multilayers10.1016/1359-6454(95)00159-5 ↗
30. Formation of face-centered cubic titanium on a Ni single crystal and in Ni/Ti multilayers10.1557/JMR.1994.0031 ↗
31. The abnormal structure of nanocrystalline titanium films prepared by d.c. sputtering10.1016/0040-6090(92)90100-P ↗
32. Growth and structure of titanium evaporated films10.1016/0169-4332(88)90341-8 ↗
33. Thickness-dependent fcc–hcp phase transformation in polycrystalline titanium thin films10.1016/j.actamat.2010.12.046 ↗
34. Epitaxial growth of fcc Ti films on Al(001) surfaces10.1103/PhysRevB.56.9841 ↗
35. Stability of f.c.c. titanium in titanium/aluminum multilayers10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00281-5 ↗
36. Formation characteristics of the α/β interface phase in Ti-6Ai-4v10.1007/BF02817630 ↗
37. C. Rhodes, N.J.M.T.A. Paton, The influence of α/β interface phase on tensile properties of Ti-6Al-4V, 10(11) (1979) 1753-1758.10.1007/BF02811711 ↗
38. Observations of an interface phase in the α/β boundaries in titanium alloys10.1007/BF02641987 ↗
39. The precipitation of α-phase in metastable β-phase Ti alloys10.1007/BF03161837 ↗
40. Formation of face-centered-cubic titanium by mechanical attrition10.1063/1.1530718 ↗
41. Formation of fcc titanium during heating high energy ball milled Al–Ti powders10.1016/S0167-577X(01)00417-7 ↗
42. An FCC phase in a metastable β-titanium alloy10.1080/09500839.2014.903005 ↗
43. Rolling-induced Face Centered Cubic Titanium in Hexagonal Close Packed Titanium at Room Temperature10.1038/srep24370 ↗
44. The microstructure and formation mechanism of face-centered cubic Ti in commercial pure Ti foils during tensile deformation at room temperature10.1016/j.matchar.2017.12.031 ↗
45. Size effects on the tensile properties and deformation mechanism of commercial pure titanium foils10.1016/j.msea.2018.06.009 ↗
46. Three dimensional crystallographic orientation relationships for hexagonal close packed structure to face centered cubic structure transformation in pure titanium10.1016/j.scriptamat.2019.05.010 ↗
47. In-situ TEM observation of hcp-Ti to fcc-Ti phase transformation in Nb-Ti-Si based alloys10.1016/j.matchar.2018.05.052 ↗
48. Face-centered-cubic titanium - A new crystal structure of Ti in a Ti-8Mo-6Fe alloy10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.03.218 ↗
49. Microstructural evolution and formation mechanism of FCC titanium during heat treatment processing10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.10.083 ↗
50. Impurity and texture driven HCP-to-FCC transformations in Ti-X thin films during in situ TEM annealing and FIB milling10.1016/j.actamat.2019.11.047 ↗
51. In situ TEM observation of FCC Ti formation at elevated temperatures10.1016/j.scriptamat.2017.06.033 ↗
52. Size–Temperature Phase Diagram of Titanium Nanosolids10.1021/jp208149d ↗
53. Phase stabilities of fcc Ti nanocrystals10.1016/j.ssc.2004.09.061 ↗
54. Structure of nanometer-size crystalline Ti film10.1016/0965-9773(94)90116-3 ↗
55. On the αβ interface phase in Ti alloys10.1016/0001-6160(81)90003-1 ↗
56. Identification of the Interface Phase in Titanium Alloys10.1007/BF02644436 ↗
57. The effect of foil preparation technique on interface phase formation in Ti alloys10.1016/0036-9748(83)90467-2 ↗
58. A resolution of the interface phase problem in titanium alloys10.1016/0001-6160(88)90033-8 ↗
59. Could face-centered cubic titanium in cold-rolled commercially-pure titanium only be a Ti-hydride?10.1016/j.scriptamat.2019.11.010 ↗
60. Comments on ‘Composite structure of α phase in metastable β Ti alloys induced by lattice strain during β to α phase transformation’10.1016/j.scriptamat.2017.08.011 ↗
61. Charting the complete elastic properties of inorganic crystalline compounds10.1038/sdata.2015.9 ↗
62. The Voigt‐Reuss‐Hill Approximation and Elastic Moduli of Polycrystalline MgO, CaF2, β‐ZnS, ZnSe, and CdTe10.1063/1.1709944 ↗
63. Thermodynamic optimization of the Ti-C system10.1007/BF02648366 ↗
64. PTCLab: free and open-source software for calculating phase transformation crystallography10.1107/S1600576716006075 ↗
65. G. Kurdjumov, G. Sachs, Oberden mechanismus det stahlhirtung, Z. Physik 64 (1930) 225.10.1007/BF01397346 ↗
66. Interactive effects of cyclic oxidation and structural evolution for Ti-6Al-4V/(TiC+ TiB) alloy composites at elevated temperatures10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.04.118 ↗
67. The Principles of STEM Imaging
68. Ultrastrong steel via minimal lattice misfit and high-density nanoprecipitation10.1038/nature22032 ↗
69. Precipitation strengthening of aluminum alloys by room-temperature cyclic plasticity10.1126/science.aav7086 ↗
70. Direct visualization of reversible dynamics in a Si6 cluster embedded in a graphene pore10.1038/ncomms2671 ↗
71. Lithium Atom and A-Site Vacancy Distributions in Lanthanum Lithium Titanate10.1021/cm3041357 ↗
72. Robust atomic resolution imaging of light elements using scanning transmission electron microscopy10.1063/1.3265946 ↗
73. Structural Distortion and Compositional Gradients Adjacent to Epitaxial LiMn2O4 Thin Film Interfaces10.1002/admi.201400143 ↗
74. Sub-stoichiometry-facilitated oxidation kinetics in a δ-TixC-doped Ti-based alloy10.1038/s41529-018-0067-9 ↗
75. J. Buršík, G. Weatherly, Ordering of Substoichiometric δ‐TiCx Phase in Ti–V–C Alloys, physica status solidi 174(2) (1999) 327-335.10.1002/(SICI)1521-396X(199908)174:2<327::AID-PSSA327>3.3.CO;2-A ↗
76. Fundamentals of electron energy-loss spectroscopy10.1088/1757-899X/109/1/012007 ↗
77. Study of the L23 edges in the $3d$ transition metals and their oxides by electron-energy-loss spectroscopy with comparisons to theory10.1103/PhysRevB.26.614 ↗
78. Investigating carbonization and graphitization using electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in the transmission electron microscope (TEM)10.1080/14786430701394041 ↗
79. Bonding characteristics of tic and tin10.4236/mnsms.2013.31002 ↗
80. Multiscale modeling of the mechanical behavior of IN718 superalloy based on micropillar compression and computational homogenization10.1016/j.actamat.2015.07.006 ↗
81. Micropillar compression study of Fe-irradiated 304L steel10.1016/j.scriptamat.2019.07.007 ↗
82. Local strain rate sensitivity of single α phase within a dual-phase Ti alloy10.1016/j.actamat.2016.01.057 ↗
83. First-principles calculations of generalized-stacking-fault-energy of Co-based alloys10.1016/j.commatsci.2016.04.031 ↗
84. A. Art, R. Gevers, S. Amelinckx, The Determination of the Type of Stacking Faults in Face Centered Cubic Alloys by Means of Contrast Effects in the Electron Microscope, 3(4) (1963) 697-711.10.1002/pssb.19630030413 ↗
85. Investigations on micro-mechanical properties of polycrystalline Ti(C,N) and Zr(C,N) coatings10.1016/j.actamat.2018.02.053 ↗
86. Oxygen effects on crystal plasticity of Titanium: A multiscale calibration and validation framework10.1016/j.actamat.2019.06.040 ↗
87. Solid solution strengthening of hexagonal titanium alloys: Restoring forces and stacking faults calculated from first principles10.1016/j.actamat.2015.09.041 ↗
88. PNADIS: An automated Peierls–Nabarro analyzer for dislocation core structure and slip resistance10.1016/j.cpc.2019.03.005 ↗
89. ELATE: an open-source online application for analysis and visualization of elastic tensors
90. Uncovering the influence of metallic and non-metallic impurities on the ideal shear strength and ductility of Ti: An ab-initio study10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.02.231 ↗
91. Influence of interstitial elements on the bulk modulus and theoretical strength of a-titanium: A first-principles study