Tuning Surface Morphology of Inorganic Supports for Adsorptive Immobilization of Enzymatic Active Substances

A comprehensive study of composite carbon–mineral supports was performed to determine specific features of the adsorptive immobilization for such enzymes as glucoamylase and invertase. The catalytic properties (activity and stability) of immobilized enzymes were found to depend significantly on the morphology of the carbon layer synthesized on the support surface. After tuning the surface morphology towards immobilizing enzymes, a layer of catalytic filamentous carbon (CFC) was found to ensure the highest stability and activity of the prepared biocatalysts due to its mesoporous structure and optimal hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance. The supports used for immobilization of enzymes can be arranged in the following order of observed enzymatic activity and stability: supports coated by graphite-like carbon layer ≈ non-carbonized supports << CFC-coated supports.