Non-equilibrium time-temperature-transformation diagram for enhancing magnetostriction of Fe-Ga alloys
Source abstract
Abstract
Coherent nanoprecipitates formed at early-stage decomposition in a number of body-centered-cubic (BCC) Fe-based alloys with nonmagnetic solute have been found to strengthen their magnetostriction significantly. Despite that the differences in structure and properties between equilibrium and metastable states have been well recognized in an extensively-studied system Fe-Ga, however, a non-equilibrium time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram for manipulating the intermediate nanoprecipitates towards further enhancing magnetostriction is still lacking. By systemically investigating the time- and temperature-dependent early-stage phase transformations of the magnetostriction-peak composition alloy Fe 73Ga 27, a non-equilibrium TTT diagram and the corresponding time-temperature-property (TTP) relation were successfully determined in this work. A nose temperature (the optimum temperature with maximal nucleation rate) of ∼400 °C to produce face-centered-tetragonal (FCT) L6 0 nanoprecipitates was determined in the diagram. Above the nose temperature, the L6 0 nanoprecipitates grow much faster and become incoherent rapidly, characterized by their enlarged tetragonality c/ a towards the equilibrium face-centered-cubic (FCC) L1 2 phase. Below the nose temperature, the L6 0 nanoprecipitates grow much slower and keep coherent with the BCC matrix over a wide aging time range, but the low atomic diffusion rate and the coherent elastic energy produce extra hexagonal omega nanoprecipitates at the phase transformation front. Based on the non-equilibrium TTT diagram, the optimally-aged random polycrystalline alloy with coherent, dense and fine L6 0 nanoprecipitates can exhibit magnetostriction as large as 180 ppm, nearly 3 times of that of the solution-treated counterpart. Consequently, this work not only provides a processing base for enhancing magnetostriction of Fe-Ga alloys, but also may offer important guidance to tailor the microstructure of other nanoprecipitates-bearing alloys with similar diffusion-controlled phase transformation.
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Magnetic Properties and Applications · Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels · Magnetic properties of thin films
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (65)
Show source-provided references
1. Clark · 1980
2. Magnetoelasticity of bcc Fe-Ga alloys
3. Giant magnetostrictive materials and their applications
4. A review of magnetostrictive iron-gallium alloys10.1088/0964-1726/20/4/043001 ↗
5. Strong, ductile, and low-field-magnetostrictive alloys based on Fe-Ga10.1016/S1359-6462(00)00397-3 ↗
6. Tetragonal magnetostriction and magnetoelastic coupling in Fe-Al, Fe-Ga, Fe-Ge, Fe-Si, Fe-Ga-Al, and Fe-Ga-Ge alloys10.1063/1.3674318 ↗
7. Low-field-triggered large magnetostriction in iron-palladium strain glass alloys10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.125701 ↗
8. Giant magnetostriction of Fe1-xBex alloy: a first-principles study10.1103/PhysRevB.79.054419 ↗
9. Magnetostrictive and elastic properties of Fe100-xMox (2<x<12) single crystals10.1063/1.3359855 ↗
10. Magnetic anisotropy and spin rotations in HoxTb1−xFe2 cubic laves compounds10.1103/PhysRevLett.28.244 ↗
11. Superfunctionalities in nanodispersive precipitation-hardened alloys10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.115704 ↗
12. Structurally heterogeneous model of extrinsic magnetostriction for Fe-Ga and similar magnetic alloys: Part I. Decomposition and confined displacive transformation10.1007/s11661-007-9253-z ↗
13. Structural investigations of Fe-Ga alloys: phase relations and magnetostrictive behavior10.1016/j.actamat.2008.05.011 ↗
14. Interaction of trace rare-earth dopants and nanoheterogeneities induces giant magnetostriction in Fe-Ga alloys10.1002/adfm.201800858 ↗
15. Giant heterogeneous magnetostriction in Fe-Ga alloys: effect of trace element doping10.1016/j.actamat.2016.02.056 ↗
16. Large and sensitive magnetostriction in ferromagnetic composites with nanodispersive precipitates10.1038/s41427-020-00276-7 ↗
17. Influence of ordering on the magnetostriction of Fe-27.5 at. % Ga alloys10.1063/1.1508426 ↗
18. Phase equilibria and stability of ordered b.c.c. phases in the Fe-rich portion of the Fe-Ga system10.1016/S0925-8388(02)00791-0 ↗
19. Structural transformations in quenched Fe-Ga alloys10.1016/S0925-8388(02)00933-7 ↗
20. Detection and quantification of D03 chemical order in Fe-Ga alloys using high resolution X-ray diffraction10.1016/j.msea.2005.10.035 ↗
21. Cooling rate as a tool of tailoring structure of Fe-(9-33%)Ga alloys10.1016/j.intermet.2019.106610 ↗
22. Phase transitions as a tool for tailoring magnetostriction Fe-Ga composites10.1016/j.actamat.2017.03.049 ↗
23. Direct measurement of intrinsic atomic scale magnetostriction10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.147202 ↗
24. Nanoheterogeneity response in large-magnetostriction Fe-Ga alloys: an in-situ magnetic small-angle neutron scattering study10.1016/j.actamat.2021.117594 ↗
25. Magnetostriction of binary and ternary Fe-Ga alloys10.1007/s10853-007-2096-6 ↗
26. Formation mechanism of tetragonal nanoprecipitates in Fe-Ga alloys that dominate the material's large magnetostriction10.1016/j.scriptamat.2020.04.024 ↗
27. Magnetostrictive bulk Fe-Ga alloys prepared by selective laser melting for biodegradable implant applications10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110861 ↗
28. Origin of heterogeneous magnetostriction: A case study of nanoprecipitates-bearing Fe-Mo alloys10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.162558 ↗
29. Transformation of austenite at constant subcritical temperatures
30. Precipitation strengthening of aluminum alloys by room-temperature cyclic plasticity10.1126/science.aav7086 ↗
31. Temperature-dependent nucleation kinetics of Guinier-Preston zones in Al-Cu alloys: an atomistic kinetic Monte Carlo and classical nucleation theory approach10.1016/j.actamat.2019.08.032 ↗
32. Complexion time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagrams: Opportunities and challenges10.1016/j.cossms.2016.05.004 ↗
33. Time-temperature-transformation from metastable to equilibrium structure in Fe-Ga10.1016/j.matlet.2019.127257 ↗
34. Low-temperature metastable-to-equilibrium phase transitions in Fe-Ga alloys10.1016/j.intermet.2022.107540 ↗
35. Determination of size distributions from small-angle scattering data for systems with effective hard-sphere interactions10.1107/S0021889893013810 ↗
36. Nanoprecipitation in a beta-titanium alloy10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.10.038 ↗
37. Near room-temperature formation of a skyrmion crystal in thin-films of the helimagnet FeGe10.1038/nmat2916 ↗
38. Study of nanoprecipitates in a nickel-based superalloy using small-angle neutron scattering and transmission electron microscopy10.1063/1.3002288 ↗
39. The time-of-flight small-sngle neutron spectrometer at China spallation neutron source10.1080/10448632.2018.1514197 ↗
40. Irena: tool suite for modeling and analysis of small-angle scattering10.1107/S0021889809002222 ↗
41. Tuning magnetostriction of Fe-Ga alloys via stress engineering10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.153687 ↗
42. Dynamic precipitation and the resultant magnetostriction enhancement in [001]-oriented Fe-Ga alloys10.1016/j.actamat.2021.116631 ↗
43. Neutron scattering lengths and cross sections10.1016/B978-0-12-398374-9.09989-7 ↗
44. Small-angle neutron-scattering studies of the structure and interaction in micellar and microemulsion systems10.1146/annurev.pc.37.100186.002031 ↗
45. Monte Carlo simulations of the decomposition of metastable solid solutions: transient and steady-state nucleation kinetics10.1103/PhysRevB.62.203 ↗
46. Effect of cooling rate on magnetoelasticity and short-range order in Fe-Ga alloys10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.05.010 ↗
47. Investigation of quench sensitivity of high strength 2219 aluminum alloy by TTP and TTT diagrams10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.08.160 ↗
48. Kinetic study to predict sigma phase formation in duplex stainless steels10.1007/s11661-016-3323-z ↗
49. Mechanisms controlling the artificial aging of Al-Mg-Si Alloys10.1016/j.actamat.2011.02.010 ↗
50. Extraordinary magnetoelasticity and lattice softening in bcc Fe-Ga alloys10.1063/1.1540130 ↗
51. Ordering, magnetostriction, and elastic properties in Fe-27.5at.% Ga alloy single crystals10.1063/1.2777155 ↗
52. Ultra-high anisotropic magneto-mechanical damping in Fe-18at.%Ga single crystals10.1016/j.scriptamat.2022.114552 ↗
53. Temperature and magnetic field dependencies of the Young's modulus in magnetostrictive Fe-Ga alloys
54. Atomic-scale insights into ω-variants in Galfenol triggered by displacive-diffusive transformation10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109745 ↗
55. Phase transitions in Fe-27Ga alloys: guidance to develop functionality10.1016/j.intermet.2018.05.016 ↗
56. High-temperature order-disorder phase transition in Fe-18Ga alloy evaluated by internal friction method10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.04.062 ↗
57. Magnetostriction enhancement of Fe73Ga27 alloy by magnetic field annealing10.1016/j.scriptamat.2018.01.004 ↗
58. Giant heterogeneous magnetostriction induced by charge accumulation-mediated nanoinclusion formation in dual-phase nanostructured systems10.1016/j.actamat.2021.116975 ↗
59. Large magneto-chemical-elastic coupling in highly magnetostrictive Fe-Ga alloys10.1063/1.4838657 ↗
60. Nanodispersed D03-phase nanostructures observed in magnetostrictive Fe-19% Ga Galfenol alloys10.1103/PhysRevB.77.104107 ↗
61. Designing L21-strengthened Al-Cr-Fe-Ni-Ti complex concentrated alloys for high temperature applications10.1016/j.actamat.2021.116890 ↗
62. Double-peak age strengthening of cold-worked 2024 aluminum alloy10.1016/j.actamat.2012.11.039 ↗
63. Magnetism, elasticity, and magnetostriction of FeCoGa alloys10.1063/1.1555980 ↗
64. Thermally driven large magnetoresistance and magnetostriction in multifunctional magnetic FeGa-Tb alloys10.1016/j.actamat.2014.03.053 ↗
65. Magnetostrictive alloys: Promising materials for biomedical applications