journal article·2020-11Open access

Scratching the surface: Elastic rotations beneath nanoscratch and nanoindentation tests

Anna Kareer, Edmund Tarleton, Christopher Hardie, Sarah V. Hainsworth, Angus J. Wilkinson

Acta Materialia· Volume 200

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the residual deformation field in the vicinity of nanoscratch tests using two orientations of a Berkovich tip on an (001) Cu single crystal. We compare the deformation with that from indentation, in an attempt to understand the mechanisms of deformation in tangential sliding. The lattice rotation fields are mapped experimentally using high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR-EBSD) on cross-sections prepared using focused ion beam (FIB). A physically-based crystal plasticity finite element model (CPFEM) is used to simulate the lattice rotation fields, and provide insight into the 3D rotation field surrounding a nano-scratch experiment, as it transitions from an initial static indentation to a steady-state scratch. The CPFEM simulations capture the experimental rotation fields with good fidelity, and show how the rotations about the scratch direction are reversed as the indenter moves away from the initial indentation.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Metal and Thin Film Mechanics · Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques · Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (69)

Show source-provided references
1. Nanoindentation and nanoscratch properties of a thermal oxidation treated γ-TiAl based alloy10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.04.031 ↗
2. Nanoindentation and nanoscratching of hard carbon coatings for magnetic disks
3. Nanoindentation and nanoscratch testing of uniaxially and biaxially drawn poly (ethylene terephthalate) film10.1016/S0032-3861(01)00600-0 ↗
4. Review of recent progress in nanoscratch testing10.1179/1751584X13Y.0000000037 ↗
5. On the friction behaviour in nanoscratch testing10.1016/j.wear.2006.01.036 ↗
6. Friction and wear studies of various head materials and magnetic tapes in a linear mode accelerated test using a new nano-scratch wear measurement technique10.1016/0043-1648(95)06602-0 ↗
7. Scratch deformation response of thin CNX coatings at ultra-low loads10.1557/PROC-522-433 ↗
8. Nanoindentation and nanoscratch behaviors of DLC coatings on different steel substrates10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.12.011 ↗
9. Mechanical properties, deformation behaviours and interface adhesion of (AlCrTaTiZr)Nx multi-component coatings10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.03.041 ↗
10. The physical meaning of indentation and scratch hardness10.1088/0508-3443/7/5/301 ↗
11. Friction between metal surfaces10.1016/0043-1648(86)90052-9 ↗
12. A comparison of mechanical and wear properties of plasma sprayed carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum composites at nano and macro scale10.1016/j.msea.2011.01.061 ↗
13. Triblology: Friction and Wear of Engineering Materials
14. Micro-to-nano indentation and scratch hardness in the Ni–Co system: depth dependence and implications for tribological behaviour10.1007/s11249-008-9350-1 ↗
15. Some observations on scratch and indentation hardness measurements10.1088/0022-3727/5/7/313 ↗
16. An overview of the potential of quantitative coating adhesion measurement by scratch testing10.1016/j.triboint.2005.04.013 ↗
17. Hall-Petch breakdown manifested in abrasive wear resistance of nanocrystalline nickel10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00062-3 ↗
18. Low speed scratch experiments on steels10.1016/0043-1648(77)90064-3 ↗
19. Scratch hardness evaluation with in-situ pile-up effect estimation10.1080/14786435.2012.670285 ↗
20. Analytical models of scratch hardness10.1016/0301-679X(96)00014-X ↗
21. Determination of hardness from nanoscratch experiments: corrections for interfacial shear stress and elastic recovery10.1557/JMR.2003.0301 ↗
22. Reconciliation of nanoscratch hardness with nanoindentation hardness including the effects of interface shear stress10.1557/JMR.2004.0425 ↗
23. The existence of a lateral size effect and the relationship between indentation and scratch hardness in copper10.1080/14786435.2016.1146828 ↗
24. The interaction between Lateral size effect and grain size when scratching polycrystalline copper using a Berkovich indenter10.1080/14786435.2016.1240881 ↗
25. Lattice rotation caused by wedge indentation of a single crystal: dislocation dynamics compared to crystal plasticity simulations10.1016/j.jmps.2014.04.006 ↗
26. Microstructural evolution of the deformed volume beneath microindents in tungsten and copper10.1016/j.actamat.2006.02.024 ↗
27. High strain gradient plasticity associated with wedge indentation into face-centered cubic single crystals: geometrically necessary dislocation densities10.1016/j.jmps.2006.09.009 ↗
28. Lattice rotation patterns and strain gradient effects in face-centered-cubic single crystals under spherical indentation10.1115/1.4030403 ↗
29. Investigation of the indentation size effect through the measurement of the geometrically necessary dislocations beneath small indents of different depths using EBSD tomography10.1016/j.actamat.2008.09.039 ↗
30. Where are the geometrically necessary dislocations accommodating small imprints?10.1557/jmr.2009.0131 ↗
31. Microstructural investigation of the volume beneath nanoindentations in copper10.1016/j.actamat.2007.08.001 ↗
32. Determination of elastic strain fields and geometrically necessary dislocation distributions near nanoindents using electron back scatter diffraction10.1080/14786430903304145 ↗
33. Influence of strain gradients on lattice rotation in nano-indentation experiments: a numerical study10.1016/j.msea.2014.04.033 ↗
34. Three-dimensional investigation of the texture and microstructure below a nanoindent in a Cu single crystal using 3D EBSD and crystal plasticity finite element simulations10.1016/j.actamat.2005.12.014 ↗
35. Crystal plasticity analysis of micro-deformation, lattice rotation and geometrically necessary dislocation density10.1098/rspa.2012.0050 ↗
36. Surface pile-up patterns in indentation testing of Cu single crystals10.1007/s11340-014-9883-1 ↗
37. Crystal plasticity finite element method modelling of indentation size effect10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2014.11.008 ↗
38. On the origin of deformation-induced rotation patterns below nanoindents10.1016/j.actamat.2007.09.001 ↗
39. Sequence of stages in the microstructure evolution in copper under mild reciprocating tribological loading10.1021/acsami.6b04035 ↗
40. Mesoscale folding, instability, and disruption of laminar flow in metal surfaces10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.106001 ↗
41. Coarse graining and localized plasticity between sliding nanocrystalline metals10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.036101 ↗
42. Comparisons of dry sliding tribological behaviors between coarse-grained and nanocrystalline copper10.1016/j.wear.2011.09.010 ↗
43. The effects of sliding velocity and sliding time on nanocrystalline tribolayer development and properties in copper10.1016/j.wear.2008.12.102 ↗
44. Amorphous and alloy film formation in sliding of silver on copper10.1016/0043-1648(94)07111-X ↗
45. Tem study of the deformation structures around nano-scratches10.1080/14786430802148999 ↗
46. The scratch adhesion test: an elastic-plastic indentation analysis10.1016/0040-6090(88)90006-5 ↗
47. Relationship between scratch hardness and yield strength of elastic perfectly plastic materials using finite element analysis10.1557/JMR.2008.0279 ↗
48. Effects of mechanical properties and surface friction on elasto-plastic sliding contact10.1016/j.mechmat.2007.07.006 ↗
49. Finite-element analysis of deformation during indentation and scratch tests on elastic-perfectly plastic materials10.1080/01418610208235712 ↗
50. Experimental and simulative strain field investigation of nano-and microscratches on nanolaminated (Cr, Al) N coating10.1016/j.tsf.2014.10.095 ↗
51. Tribological contact analysis of a rigid ball sliding on a hard coated surface: part i: modelling stresses and strains10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.03.040 ↗
52. Understanding deformation with high angular resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR-EBSD)
53. High angular resolution electron backscatter diffraction: measurement of strain in functional and structural materials
54. A review of advances and challenges in EBSD strain mapping
55. The orientation and strain dependence of dislocation structure evolution in monotonically deformed polycrystalline copper10.1016/j.ijplas.2015.02.005 ↗
56. High-resolution elastic strain measurement from electron backscatter diffraction patterns: new levels of sensitivity10.1016/j.ultramic.2005.10.001 ↗
57. High resolution electron backscatter diffraction measurements of elastic strain variations in the presence of larger lattice rotations10.1016/j.ultramic.2012.01.004 ↗
58. Some geometrical relations in dislocated crystals10.1016/0001-6160(53)90054-6 ↗
59. Length scale-dependent, elastically anisotropic, physically-based HCP crystal plasticity: application to cold-dwell fatigue in Ti alloys10.1016/j.ijplas.2006.10.013 ↗
60. Spherical indentation of copper: crystal plasticity vs experiment10.1016/j.mtla.2019.100368 ↗
61. Computing Euler angles from a rotation matrix
62. Consistent determination of geometrically necessary dislocation density from simulations and experiments10.1016/j.ijplas.2018.05.001 ↗
63. Characterisation of slip and twin activity using digital image correlation and crystal plasticity finite element simulation: Application to orthorhombic α-uranium10.1016/j.jmps.2019.103800 ↗
64. Crystal plasticity finite element modelling of coarse-grained α-uranium10.1016/j.commatsci.2019.109276 ↗
65. Tension–compression asymmetry of slip in Ti–6Al10.1016/j.scriptamat.2019.11.002 ↗
66. Comparison of self-consistent and crystal plasticity FE approaches for modelling the high-temperature deformation of 316H austenitic stainless steel10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2019.05.006 ↗
67. High strain gradient plasticity associated with wedge indentation into face-centered cubic single crystals: geometrically necessary dislocation densities10.1016/j.jmps.2006.09.009 ↗
68. Lattice rotation patterns and strain gradient effects in face-centered-cubic single crystals under spherical indentation10.1115/1.4030403 ↗
69. Early deformation mechanisms in the shear affected region underneath a copper sliding contact10.1038/s41467-020-14640-2 ↗