Crack and blister initiation and growth in purified iron due to hydrogen loading
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Purified iron was loaded electrochemically with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogen promoter, leading to the formation of cracks inside of the bulk and blisters on the surface. The mechanism for the crack initiation was investigated using SEM cross-section images and by investigating the fracture surface of a ruptured sample, where preexisting cracks were exposed for observation. Cracks were found to originate at inclusions. It was observed that blisters grow with time, leading to the conclusion that the underlying growth process is discontinuous. The surface morphology of the blisters consists of steps and in the underlying microstructure investigated by TEM shear bands were found. Hydrogen gas pressures in the range of half of the yield strength of iron were determined directly after hydrogen loading using density measurements. Therefore, the hydrogen gas pressure in the cracks was concluded to be the driving force for crack advance.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals · Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition · Nuclear Materials and Properties
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (55)
Show source-provided references
1. On some remarkable changes produced in iron and steel by the action of hydrogen and acids
2. Understanding how hydrogen influences the mechanical properties of iron and steel
3. Hydrogen cracking and its mitigation in the petroleum industry
4. Hydrogen-induced cracking and sulfide stress cracking
5. Roles of H2S in behaviour of engineering alloys10.1179/imr.1985.30.1.291 ↗
6. Nelson · 1955 · 12
7. Kinetics of the damage formation in a low-carbon low-alloy steel upon hydrogenation
8. Internal and surface damage of multiphase steels and pure iron after electrochemical hydrogen charging10.1016/j.corsci.2011.05.060 ↗
9. Imaging of hydrogen in steels using neutrons10.1016/j.actamat.2014.06.034 ↗
10. Hydrogen blistering of steel in anhydrous hydrofluoric acid
11. Direct observation and analysis of crack propagation in iron-3% silicon single crystals10.1016/0001-6160(63)90166-4 ↗
12. Relationship between hydrogen-induced cracking and type I sulfide stress cracking of high-strength linepipe steel10.1016/j.scriptamat.2009.10.028 ↗
13. Effect of environmental and metallurgical factors on hydrogen induced cracking of HSLA steels10.1016/j.corsci.2008.09.030 ↗
14. Resistance of line pipe steels to wet sour gas10.5006/1.3577920 ↗
15. Role of microtexture in the interaction and coalescence of hydrogen-induced cracks10.1016/j.corsci.2009.02.010 ↗
16. Hydrogen-induced cracking and healing behaviour of X70 steel10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.05.085 ↗
17. The role of microstructure for hydrogen-induced blistering and stepwise cracking in a plain medium carbon steel10.1016/0025-5416(85)90109-0 ↗
18. Effects of alloying elements and microstructure on the susceptibility of the welded HSLA steel to hydrogen-induced cracking and sulfide stress cracking10.1016/j.msea.2008.11.064 ↗
19. Effect of Cu on the hydrogen induced cracking of the pipe line steel10.2355/isijinternational1966.18.149 ↗
20. Optimizing sulphide shape control in large HSLA steel ingots by treating the melt with calcium or rare earths, tetsu-to-hagane10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.64.10_1538 ↗
21. Degradation of the pipe-steel structure upon long-term operation in contact with a hydrogen sulfide-containing medium10.1134/S0031918X11020128 ↗
22. Hydrogen related failure of steels - a new aspect10.1179/026708304225019687 ↗
23. The mechanism of nucleation of hydrogen blister in metals10.1007/s11434-007-0269-y ↗
24. Existing state of hydrogen in electrochemically charged commercial-purity aluminum and its effects on tensile properties10.2320/matertrans.M2011035 ↗
25. R. Kirchheim, Hydrogen trapping and its effect on permeation and thermal desorption, Steely Hydrogen Conference Proceedings, 28.-29. September 2011, Ghent, Belgium, p. 286–294 and http://www.kirctec.com/en/hydrogensensor.html.
26. The adsorption and diffusion of electrolytic hydrogen in palladium
27. The diffusion and trapping of hydrogen in steel10.1016/0001-6160(70)90078-7 ↗
28. Hydrogen in defective and amorphous metals10.1016/0079-6425(88)90010-2 ↗
29. Solid solutions of hydrogen in complex materials
30. Absorption and diffusion of hydrogen in steels
31. Hydrogen permeation in metals as a function of stress, temperature and dissolved hydrogen concentration
32. The Fe-H (Iron-Hydrogen) system10.1007/BF02841704 ↗
33. Atkins · 2006 · 178
34. Courtney · 2000
35. On the formation and nature of quasi-cleavage fracture surfaces in hydrogen embrittled steels10.1016/j.actamat.2010.11.024 ↗
36. Modeling nucleation of hydrogen induced cracking in steels during sour service10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.675-677.983 ↗
37. Studies on inhibition of hydrogen- induced cracking of pipeline steels10.5006/1.3278248 ↗
38. Effect of hydrogen on stability of micro cracks in iron and steel10.1016/0001-6160(60)90103-6 ↗
39. Chemomechanical effects on the separation of interfaces occurring during fracture with emphasis on the hydrogen-iron and hydrogen-nickel system10.1016/j.actamat.2015.07.057 ↗
40. Hydrogen-assisted ductile fracture in spheroidized 1518 steel10.1016/0956-7151(90)90127-3 ↗
41. Hydrogen-induced cracking susceptibility and hydrogen trapping efficiency of different microstructure X80 pipeline steel10.1007/s10853-010-4799-3 ↗
42. Characterization of inclusions of X80 pipeline steel and its correlation with hydrogen-induced cracking10.1016/j.corsci.2010.12.011 ↗
43. Plastic flow of Fe-binary alloysI. A description at low temperatures10.1016/0001-6160(81)90068-7 ↗
44. Hydrogen-induced cracking in iron: morphology and crack path dependence10.1007/BF03038430 ↗
45. Crystallographic and fractographic studies of hydrogen-induced cracking in purified iron and iron-silicon alloys10.1007/BF02652256 ↗
46. Effect of microstructure on the hydrogen trapping efficiency and hydrogen induced cracking of linepipe steel10.1016/j.corsci.2008.03.007 ↗
47. Cavity formation for inclusions in ductile fracture10.1007/BF02672306 ↗
48. The influence of hydrogen on deformation and fracture processes in high-strength aluminum alloys10.1016/0001-6160(87)90076-9 ↗
49. Toward a phenomenological description of hydrogen-induced decohesion at particle/matrix interfaces10.1016/S0022-5096(03)00052-8 ↗
50. Embrittling and strengthening effects of hydrogen, boron, and phosphorus on a Σ 5 nickel grain boundary10.1103/PhysRevB.60.7149 ↗
51. Reducing grain boundary, dislocation line and vacancy formation energies by solute segregation. I. Theoretical background10.1016/j.actamat.2007.05.047 ↗
52. Reducing grain boundary, dislocation line and vacancy formation energies by solute segregation: II. Experimental evidence and consequences10.1016/j.actamat.2007.05.033 ↗
53. Die Aufnahme von Gasen durch Metalle
54. Beachem · 1972 · vol. 3.2 · 437
55. On the thermodynamics of adsorption at interfaces as it influences decohesion10.1007/BF02654514 ↗