Solute-vacancy clustering in aluminum

We present an extensive first-principles database of solute-vacancy, homoatomic, heteroatomic solute-solute, and solute-solute-vacancy binding energies of relevant alloying elements in aluminum. We particularly focus on the systems with major alloying elements in aluminum, i.e., Cu, Mg, and Si. We consider physical factors such as solute size and formation energies of intermetallic compounds to correlate with binding energies. Systematic studies of the homoatomic solute-solute-vacancy and heteroatomic (Cu, Mg, or Si)-solute-vacancy complexes reveal the overarching effect of the vacancy in stabilizing solute-solute pairs. The computed binding energies of the solute-solute-vacancy triplet successfully explain several experimental observations that remained unexplained by the reported pair binding energies in literature. The binding energy database presented here elucidates the interaction between solute cluster and vacancy in aluminum, and it is expected to provide insight into the design of advanced Al alloys with tailored properties.