Rare-earth high-entropy alloys with giant magnetocaloric effect

Abstract In this paper, we report the development of rare-earth high-entropy alloys (RE-HEA) with multiple principle elements randomly distributed on a single hexagonal close-packed (HCP) lattice. Our work demonstrated that it is the entropy, rather than other atomic factors such as enthalpy, atomic size and electronegativity, that dictates phase formation in the current rare-earth alloy system. The high configuration entropy stabilized the crystalline structure from phase transformation during cooling, whereas a second-order magnetic phase transition occurred at its Neel temperature. The quinary RE-HEA exhibited a small magnetic hysteresis and the largest refrigerant capacity (about 627 J kg−1 at the 5 T magnetic field) reported to date, along with respectable mechanical properties. Our analysis indicates that the strong chemical disorder resulted from the high configuration entropy makes magnetic ordering in the HEA difficult, thus giving rise to a sluggish magnetic phase transition and enhanced magnetocaloric effect. Our findings evidenced that RE-HEAs have great potential to be used as magnetic refrigerants and the alloy-design concept of HEAs can be employed to develop novel high-performance magnetocaloric materials.