journal article·2021-09Open access

Challenges and opportunities to alloyed and composite fuel architectures to mitigate high uranium density fuel oxidation: Uranium mononitride

Jennifer K. Watkins, Adrian Gonzales, Adrian R. Wagner, Elizabeth S. Sooby, Brian J. Jaques

Abstract

The challenges and opportunities to alloyed and composite fuel architectures designed and intended to mitigate oxidation of the fuel during a cladding breech of a water-cooled reactor are discussed in three review manuscripts developed in parallel, with the presented article focused on the oxidation performance of uranium mononitride. Several high uranium density fuels are under consideration for deployment as accident tolerant and/or advanced technology nuclear reactor fuels, including one on each: UN, U 3Si 2, UC and UB 2 . Presented here is the research motivation for the incorporation of additives, dopants, or composite fuel architectures to improve the oxidation/corrosion behavior of high uranium density nuclear fuels for use in LWRs. Furthermore, this review covers the literature on the degradation modes, thermodynamics, and oxidation performance of pure UN and UN-compounds as well as reported alloyed and composite architectures.
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Nuclear Materials and Properties · Nuclear reactor physics and engineering · Radioactive element chemistry and processing

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (100+)

Show source-provided references
1. P. Lyons, B. Crowell, Development of light water reactor fuels with enhanced accident tolerance, Report to Congress, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC, 2015.
2. Development of advanced accident-tolerant fuels for commercial LWRs
3. Accident tolerant fuels for LWRs: a perspective10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.12.005 ↗
4. Development strategy for advanced LWR fuels with enhanced accident tolerance
5. Advanced fuel cycle technology: Special session in honor of Dr
6. Postirradiation examinations of low burnup U3Si2 fuel for light water reactor applications10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.02.047 ↗
7. Impact of accident-tolerant fuels and claddings on the overall fuel cycle: a preliminary systems analysis10.13182/NT14-22 ↗
8. Development of an accident-tolerant fuel composite from uranium mononitride (UN) and uranium sesquisilicide (U3Si2) with increased uranium loading10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.01.014 ↗
9. Matthews · 1993
10. Uranium nitride fuel swelling correlation10.1016/0022-3115(90)90409-G ↗
11. Space Fission Power: Historical Review
12. U3Si2 behavior in H2O: Part I, flowing steam and the effect of hydrogen10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.01.002 ↗
13. U3Si2 behavior in H2O environments: Part II, pressurized water with controlled redox chemistry10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.12.026 ↗
14. Microstructural degradation of UN and UN-UO2 composites in hydrothermal oxidation conditions10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.02.027 ↗
15. H. Matzke, Science of advanced LMFBR fuels, (1986).
16. Advances in fuel fabrication
17. Fuel design and fabrication: pellet-type fuel
18. Material property correlations for uranium mononitride: 1. physical properties10.1016/0022-3115(90)90374-V ↗
19. Neutronic performance of uranium nitride composite fuels in a PWR10.1016/j.nucengdes.2014.04.040 ↗
20. Fuel residence time in BWRs with nitride fuels10.1016/j.anucene.2012.03.033 ↗
21. Nelson · 2018
22. Mcclellan · 2014
23. 3.14 - Uranium Intermetallic Fuels (U–Al, U–Si, U–Mo)
24. White · 2015
25. Thermophysical properties of uranium dioxide10.1016/S0022-3115(99)00273-1 ↗
26. Material property correlations for uranium mononitride: III. Transport properties10.1016/0022-3115(90)90376-X ↗
27. Uranium carbide: Thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity and spectral emissivity at high temperatures10.1016/0022-3115(75)90179-8 ↗
28. Thermophysical properties of U3Si2 to 1773K10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.04.031 ↗
29. B-U (Boron-Uranium)
30. Nuclear thermal propulsion reactor materials
31. Melting point determination of uranium nitride and uranium plutonium nitride: a laser heating study10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.02.021 ↗
32. Carmack · 2016
33. Pastore · 2021
34. Fabrication and testing of uranium nitride fuel for space power reactors10.1016/0022-3115(88)90029-3 ↗
35. Lessing · 2012
36. Bugl · 1964
37. Oxidation of uranium mononitride and uranium monocarbide10.1039/tf9666203591 ↗
38. Voit · 2006
39. Metrics for the technical performance evaluation of light water reactor accident-tolerant fuel10.13182/NT15-149 ↗
40. Uranium nitride tristructural-isotropic fuel particle10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152034 ↗
41. Metroka · 1970
42. Thermal and mechanical properties of uranium nitride prepared by SPS technique10.1007/s10853-008-2731-x ↗
43. Spark plasma sintering and porosity studies of uranium nitride10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.01.037 ↗
44. Synthesis and sintering of UN-UO2 fuel composites10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.06.029 ↗
45. Grain growth and densification of uranium mononitride during spark plasma sintering10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.11.004 ↗
46. Sintering of UN as a function of temperature and N2 pressure10.1111/j.1151-2916.1971.tb12306.x ↗
47. Atomic mechanisms of mass transport in ceramic nuclear fuel materials10.1039/ft9908601243 ↗
48. NU (nitrogen-uranium)10.1007/BF02646768 ↗
49. Wallenius · 2004
50. Fabrication of High Density UN with Enriched N-15 for Test Irradiation
51. I.A.E.A.N.D. Section, LiveChart of Nuclides, Vienna, Austria.
52. Oxidation of uranium mononitride10.1016/0022-3115(75)90208-1 ↗
53. Oxidation and deformation studies of uranium nitride by electron microscopy10.1016/0001-6160(68)90124-7 ↗
54. Hydrolysis of uranium nitrides10.1080/18811248.1969.9732878 ↗
55. Oxidation of uranium and plutonium mononitride and monocarbide briquettes10.1007/BF01122088 ↗
56. The oxidation of uranium-cerium mononitride microspheres10.1016/S0925-8388(97)00010-8 ↗
57. Oxidation and hydrolysis kinetic studies on UN10.1016/0022-3115(91)90340-D ↗
58. Oxidation of accident tolerant fuel candidates
59. Gas-phase volume oxidation of uranium mononitride10.1134/S1066362219020036 ↗
60. Kinetics of the oxidation of UN and U(CO) in carbon dioxide, steam and water at elevated temperatures10.1016/S0010-938X(66)80046-X ↗
61. Hydrolysis of uranium mononitride10.1039/tf9676301286 ↗
62. A. Roine, HSC Chemistry, Outotec, Pori, 2019.
63. Oxidation of UN/U2N3-UO2 composites: an evaluation of UO2 as an oxidation barrier for the nitride phases
64. The ignition of uranium mononitride and uranium monocarbide in oxygen10.1016/0022-3115(67)90185-7 ↗
65. The oxidation of UC and UN powder in air10.1080/18811248.1968.9732521 ↗
66. Reactions of uranium mononitride thorium monocarbide and uranium monocarbide with nitric acid and other aqueous reagents10.1016/0022-1902(68)80393-8 ↗
67. XPS and XRD studies of corrosion of uranium nitride by water10.1016/S0925-8388(98)00157-1 ↗
68. Uranium nitride fuels in superheated steam10.1080/00223131.2017.1291372 ↗
69. Degradation of UN and UN–U3Si2 pellets in steam environment10.1080/00223131.2016.1274689 ↗
70. High temperature steam oxidation dynamics of U3Si2 with alloying additions: Al, Cr, and Y10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152072 ↗
71. High temperature oxidation of UO2 in steam-hydrogen mixtures10.1016/0022-3115(94)90201-1 ↗
72. Oxidation of UO2 by high-pressure steam10.13182/NT86-A33806 ↗
73. Mechanistic interpretations of UO2 oxidation10.1016/S0022-3115(97)00291-2 ↗
74. Kinetics of UO2 oxidation in steam atmosphere10.1016/S0022-3115(97)00364-4 ↗
75. Corrosion of uranium in air and water vapor: consequences for environmental dispersal10.1016/S0925-8388(98)00639-2 ↗
76. Malkki · 2015
77. Comparing the corrosion of uranium nitride and uranium dioxide surfaces with H2O2
78. A uranium nitride doped with Chromium, Nickel or Aluminum as an accident tolerant fuel
79. Fabrication and thermophysical property characterization of UN/U3Si2 composite fuel forms10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.08.041 ↗
80. Potter · 1977
81. Improved hydrothermal corrosion resistance of UN fuel forms via addition of metallic constituents
82. Reducibility of oxides and sulfides in metallurgical processes
83. Lahoda · 2019
84. UN microspheres embedded in UO2 matrix: an innovative accident tolerant fuel10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152355 ↗
85. UO2–UN composites with enhanced uranium density and thermal conductivity10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.06.039 ↗
86. Raftery · 2015
87. Fabrication and microstructural analysis of UN-U3Si2 composites for accident tolerant fuel applications10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.05.004 ↗
88. Degradation mechanisms of UN and UN–10U3Si2 pellets of varying microstructure by comparative steam oxidation experiments
89. Ab-initio study of C and O impurities in uranium nitride10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.06.008 ↗
90. Uranium mononitride as a potential commercial LWR fuel
91. Thermodynamic modeling of oxygen dissolution in uranium mononitride at 900–1400 K10.1134/S1066362214050087 ↗
92. Mononitride fuel for fast reactors10.1023/B:ATEN.0000007886.86817.32 ↗
93. Other power reactor fuels
94. DeCrescente · 1965
95. Weaver · 1969
96. Thermal conductivity of perspective fuel based on uranium nitride10.1016/j.anucene.2014.08.011 ↗
97. The preparation and examination of mixtures of aluminium nitride (AlN) and uranium mononitride (UN)10.1016/0022-3115(64)90037-6 ↗
98. Alexander · 1986
99. Thermal conductivity of gadolinium added uranium mononitride fuel pellets sintered by spark plasma sintering
100. Raftery · 2020