journal article·2016-09Open access

Multilayer (TiN, TiAlN) ceramic coatings for nuclear fuel cladding

Ece Alat, Arthur T. Motta, Robert J. Comstock, Jonna M. Partezana, Douglas E. Wolfe

Abstract

Abstract In an attempt to develop an accident-tolerant fuel (ATF) that can delay the deleterious consequences of loss-of-coolant-accidents (LOCA), multilayer coatings were deposited onto ZIRLO® coupon substrates by cathodic arc physical vapor deposition (CA-PVD). Coatings were composed of alternating TiN (top) and Ti1-xAlxN (2-layer, 4-layer, 8-layer and 16-layer) layers. The minimum TiN top coating thickness and coating architecture were optimized for good corrosion and oxidation resistance. Corrosion tests were performed in static pure water at 360 °C and 18.7 MPa for up to 90 days. The optimized coatings showed no spallation/delamination and had a maximum of 6 mg/dm2 weight gain, which is 6 times smaller than that of a control sample of uncoated ZIRLO® which showed a weight gain of 40.2 mg/dm2. The optimized architecture features a ∼1 μm TiN top layer to prevent boehmite phase formation during corrosion and a TiN/TiAlN 8-layer architecture which provides the best corrosion performance.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Nuclear Materials and Properties · Metal and Thin Film Mechanics · Fusion materials and technologies

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (40)

Show source-provided references
1. Influence of aluminum ions implanted on oxidation behavior of ZIRLO alloy at 500°C10.1016/j.vacuum.2005.08.026 ↗
2. Zirconium alloys in nuclear applications
3. Identification and quantification of hydride phases in Zircaloy-4 cladding using synchrotron X-ray diffraction10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.04.004 ↗
4. Neureiter · 2014
5. Advanced oxidation-resistant iron-based alloys for LWR fuel cladding10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.06.041 ↗
6. Cladding for high performance fuel10.1016/j.pnucene.2011.10.008 ↗
7. Bragg-Sitton · 2012
8. Barrett · 2012
9. Superior corrosion resistance properties of TiN-based coatings on Zircaloy tubes in supercritical water10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.04.010 ↗
10. TiN-based coatings on fuel cladding tubes for advanced nuclear reactors10.1016/j.jnucmat.2012.05.001 ↗
11. Ceramic coating for corrosion (c3) resistance of nuclear fuel cladding10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.08.062 ↗
12. High temperature wear resistance of (TiAl)N films synthesized by cathodic arc plasma deposition10.1016/S0257-8972(96)02964-7 ↗
13. The deposition and wear properties of cathodic arc plasma deposition TiAlN deposits10.1016/0254-0584(96)80134-9 ↗
14. The shear impact wear behavior of Ti compound coatings10.1016/S0043-1648(97)00205-6 ↗
15. A study of PVD coatings and die materials for extended die-casting die life, Surf10.1016/S0257-8972(97)00476-3 ↗
16. Microstructures and grain boundaries of (Ti,Al)N films10.1016/S0257-8972(98)00550-7 ↗
17. Adhesion evaluation of TiN and (Ti, Al)N coatings on titanium 6Al-4V10.1557/PROC-410-377 ↗
18. Surface & Coatings Technology A review comparing cathodic arcs and high power impulse magnetron sputtering ( HiPIMS )10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.08.043 ↗
19. Single layer and multilayer wear resistant coatings of (Ti, Al) N: a review10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00259-9 ↗
20. Wear mechanisms of (Ti1 − x,Alx)N coatings in dry drilling10.1016/S0257-8972(97)00504-5 ↗
21. Titanium aluminum nitride films: a new alternative to TiN coatings10.1116/1.573713 ↗
22. Phase formation and characterization of hard coatings in the Ti-Al-N system prepared by the cathodic arc ion plating method10.1016/0040-6090(91)90262-V ↗
23. Some applications of cathodic arc coatings
24. (Ti-Al)N advanced films prepared by arc process10.1016/0921-5093(91)90519-S ↗
25. Electron microscopy characterization of nanostructured coatings
26. Phase transition and properties of Ti–Al–N thin films prepared by r.f.-plasma assisted magnetron sputtering10.1016/S0040-6090(98)01364-9 ↗
27. Investigation of the impact of coatings on corrosion and hydrogen uptake of Zircaloy-410.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.09.041 ↗
28. Mechanical properties and failure modes of TiAl(Si)N single and multilayer thin films10.1016/S0257-8972(02)00609-6 ↗
29. Physical vapour deposition duplex coatings for aluminium extrusion dies10.1016/S0043-1648(99)00089-7 ↗
30. Structure, hardness and thermal stability of TiAlN and nanolayered TiAlN/CrN multilayer films10.1016/j.vacuum.2004.08.020 ↗
31. Corrosion resistance of multilayer coatings deposited by PVD techniques onto the brass substrate10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.02.081 ↗
32. Improved properties of TiAlN coatings through the multilayer structure10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.08.006 ↗
33. Increased thermal stability of Ti1−xAlxN/TiN multilayer coatings through high temperature sputter deposition on powder-metallurgical high-speed steels10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.06.018 ↗
34. Corrosion resistance of multilayer and gradient coatings deposited by PVD and CVD techniques
35. Mattox · 1998
36. Cathode spots and vacuum arcs10.1016/0378-4363(81)90040-1 ↗
37. Physical vapor deposition tool coatings10.1016/0257-8972(95)02616-9 ↗
38. Influence of bias variation on residual stress and texture in TiAlN PVD coatings10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.02.078 ↗
39. Evaluation of the interfacial shear strength and residual stress of TiAlN coating on ZIRLO™ fuel cladding using a modified shear-lag model approach
40. Neutronic evaluation of coating and cladding materials for accident tolerant fuels10.1016/j.pnucene.2015.11.006 ↗