Introduction of a Surface Characterization Parameter Sdrprime for Analysis of Re-entrant Features
Source abstract
Abstract
Producing components using metal additive manufacturing processes, such as powder bed fusion, presents manufacturing and measurement challenges, but also significant opportunities. The as-built surface may include overhanging (re-entrant) features not intentionally included in the design, but that aid in component functionality. In addition, the additive manufacturing process presents opportunities to design and manufacture re-entrant features intentionally. Re-entrant features increase the specific surface area and, in addition, produce mechanical locking to the surface. These re-entrant features may be intended to improve surface performance in areas such as biological cell attachment, coating adhesion, electrical capacitance and battery plate design, fluid flow and material cooling. Re-entrant features may prove difficult or impossible to measure and characterise using conventional line-of-sight surface metrology instrumentation, however the correct measurement of these surfaces may be vital for functional optimisation. X-ray computed tomography does have the ability to image internal and re-entrant features. This paper reports on the measurement of re-entrant features using X-ray computed tomography and the extraction of actual surface area information (including re-entrant surfaces) from sample additively manufactured surfaces. A proposed new surface texture parameter, Sdr prime , is discussed. This parameter is applicable to true 3D data, including re-entrant features, and is intended to relate directly to the component surface functional performance. The errors produced when using line-of-sight instruments and height map parameter generation per ISO 25178-2 to evaluate surfaces that include re-entrant features are discussed. Measurement results for electron beam melting and selective laser melting additively manufactured components, together with simulated structured surfaces, are presented.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging · Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes · Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (16)
Show source-provided references
1. Gyenge, E., Splinter, S., Jung, J., Snaper, A.: High-specific surface area, three-dimensional reticulated electrodes for deep cycle lead-acid batteries. In: Seventeenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances. Proceedings of Conference (Cat. No.02TH8576), pp. 19–24. (2002)
2. Silk, E.A., Kim, J., Kiger, K.: Spray cooling of enhanced surfaces: impact of structured surface geometry and spray axis inclination. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 49(25), 4910–4920 (2006)10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.05.031 ↗
3. Rungsiyakull, C., Li, Q., Sun, G., Li, W., Swain, M.V.: Surface morphology optimization for osseointegration of coated implants. Biomaterials 31(27), 7196–7204 (2010)10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.05.077 ↗
4. Townsend, A., Pagani, L., Blunt, L., Scott, P.J., Jiang, X.: Factors affecting the accuracy of areal surface texture data extraction from X-ray CT. In: Proseedings of CIRP Annals—Manufacturing Technology, (2017)10.1016/j.cirp.2017.04.074 ↗
5. Thompson, A., Korner, L., Senin, N., Lawes, S., Maskery, I., Leach, R.K.: Measurement of internal surfaces of additively manufactured parts by X-ray computed tomography.In: Presented at the 7th Conference on Industrial Computed Tomography, Leuven, Belgium, 2017, (2017)
6. Müller, P., Cantatore, A., Andreasen, J.L., Hiller, J., De Chiffre, L.: Computed tomography as a tool for tolerance verification of industrial parts. Procedia CIRP 10, 125–132 (2013)10.1016/j.procir.2013.08.022 ↗
7. Kruth, J.-P., Bartscher, M., Carmignato, S., Schmitt, R., De Chiffre, L., Weckenmann, A.: Computed tomography for dimensional metrology. CIRP Ann. Manuf. Technol. 60(2), 821–842 (2011)10.1016/j.cirp.2011.05.006 ↗
8. Wits, W.W., Carmignato, S., Zanini, F., Vaneker, T.H.: Porosity testing methods for the quality assessment of selective laser melted parts. CIRP Ann. Manuf. Technol. 65(1), 201–204 (2016)10.1016/j.cirp.2016.04.054 ↗
9. Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Areal—Part 2: Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters, (2012)
10. Pagani, L., Qi, Q., Jiang, X., Scott, P.J.: Towards a new definition of areal surface texture parameters on freeform surface. Measurement 109, 281–291 (2017)10.1016/j.measurement.2017.05.028 ↗
11. Townsend, A., Pagani, L., Scott, P., Blunt, L.: Areal surface texture data extraction from X-ray computed tomography reconstructions of metal additively manufactured parts. Precis Eng 48, 254–264 (2017)10.1016/j.precisioneng.2016.12.008 ↗
12. Townsend, A., et al.: An interlaboratory comparison of X-ray computed tomography measurement for texture and dimensional characterisation of additively manufactured parts. Add. Manuf. 23, 422–432 (2018)
13. Nikon metrology NV, “Nikon CT Pro 3D.”
14. Volume Graphics GmbH, “VGStudio MAX.”
15. Mummery, L.: Surface texture analysis: the handbook. Hommelwerke, Mulhausen, (1990)
16. Zanini, F.. Sorgato, M. Carmignato, S.: Experimental investigation on the accuracy of surface topography measurements of additively manufactured metal parts scanned by X-ray micro computed tomography. In: Presented at the Joint special interest group meeting between euspen and ASPE, KU Leuven, Belgiuim, 2017, (2017)