journal article·2018-09Open access

Wave Interaction with Defects in Pressurised Composite Structures

R. K. Apalowo, D. Chronopoulos, G. Tanner

Abstract

There exists a great variety of structural failure modes which must be frequently inspected to ensure continuous structural integrity of composite structures. This work presents a finite element (FE) based method for calculating wave interaction with damage within structures of arbitrary layering and geometric complexity. The principal novelty is the investigation of pre-stress effect on wave propagation and scattering in layered structures. A wave finite element (WFE) method, which combines FE analysis with periodic structure theory (PST), is used to predict the wave propagation properties along periodic waveguides of the structural system. This is then coupled to the full FE model of a coupling joint within which structural damage is modelled, in order to quantify wave interaction coefficients through the joint. Pre-stress impact is quantified by comparison of results under pressurised and non-pressurised scenarios. The results show that including these pressurisation effects in calculations is essential. This is of specific relevance to aircraft structures being intensely pressurised while on air. Numerical case studies are exhibited for different forms of damage type. The exhibited results are validated against available analytical and experimental results.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation · Structural Response to Dynamic Loads · Mechanical Behavior of Composites

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (39)

Show source-provided references
1. Heslehurst, R.: Defects and Damage in Composite Materials and Structures. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2014)10.1201/b16765 ↗
2. Kessler, S., Spearing, S., Soutis, C.: Damage detection in composite materials using lamb wave methods. Smart Mater. Struct. 11, 269–278 (2002)10.1088/0964-1726/11/2/310 ↗
3. Raju, P.: Acousto-ultrasonic technique for nondestructive evaluation of composites and structures. Acoust. Soc. Am. J. 102, 3082 (1997)10.1121/1.420199 ↗
4. Chien, H., Sheen, S., Raptis, A.: An acousto-ultrasonic nde technique for monitoring material anisotropy. In: Thompson, D.O., Chimenti, D.E. (eds.) Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, pp. 1225–1232. Springer, New York (1993)10.1007/978-1-4615-2848-7_157 ↗
5. Worlton, D.: Ultrasonic testing with lamb waves. Non-Destr. Test. 15, 218–222 (1957)
6. Rose, J.: Ultrasonic Waves in Solid Media. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2004)
7. Donskoy, D., Sutin, A.: Vibro-acoustic modulation nondestructive evaluation technique. J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 9, 765–771 (1998)10.1177/1045389X9800900909 ↗
8. Su, Z., Zhou, C., Hong, M., Cheng, L., Wang, Q., Qing, X.: Acousto-ultrasonic based fatigue damage characterization: linear versus nonlinear signal features. Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 45, 225–239 (2014)10.1016/j.ymssp.2013.10.017 ↗
9. Lowe, M.: Matrix techniques for modelling ultrasonic waves in multi-layered media. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Cont. 42, 525–542 (1995)10.1109/58.393096 ↗
10. Young, Y., Lin, Y.: Dynamic response analysis of truss-type structural networks: a wave propagation approach. J. Sound Vib. 155, 375–381 (1992)10.1016/0022-460X(92)90521-X ↗
11. Hutchinson, R., Fleck, N.: The structural performance of the periodic truss. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 54, 756–782 (2006)10.1016/j.jmps.2005.10.008 ↗
12. Mace, B.: Wave reflection and transmission in beams. J. Sounds Vib. 72, 237–246 (1984)10.1016/0022-460X(84)90320-1 ↗
13. Chouvion, B., Popov, A., McWilliam, S., Fox, C.: Vibration modelling of complex waveguide structures. Comput. Struct. 89, 1253–1263 (2011)10.1016/j.compstruc.2010.08.010 ↗
14. Yuana, W., Zhoua, L., Yuanb, F.: Wave reflection and transmission in composite beams containing semi-infinite delamination. J. Sounds Vib. 313, 676–695 (2007)10.1016/j.jsv.2007.12.012 ↗
15. Doyle, J.: Wave Propagation in Structures: Spectral Analysis Using Fast Discrete Fourier Transforms. Springer, New York (1997)10.1007/978-1-4612-1832-6 ↗
16. Hosten, B., Castaings, M.: Finite elements methods for modeling the guided waves propagation in structures with weak interfaces. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 1108–1113 (2005)10.1121/1.1841731 ↗
17. Pialucha, T., Cawley, P.: The reflection of ultrasound from interface layers in adhesive joints. Review of Progress in Quantitative Non-destructive Evaluation, pp. 1303–1309. Springer, Boston (1991)10.1007/978-1-4615-3742-7_22 ↗
18. Leung, R., Pinnington, R.: Wave propagation through right-angled joints with compliance: longitudinal incidence wave. J. Sound Vib. 153, 223–237 (1992)10.1016/S0022-460X(05)80004-5 ↗
19. Nayfeh, A.H., Chimenti, D.E.: Ultrasonic wave reflection from liquid-coupled orthotropic plates with application to fibrous composites. J. Appl. Mech. 55, 863–870 (1988)10.1115/1.3173734 ↗
20. Zienkiewicz, O.C., Taylor, R.L.: The Finite Element Method: Solid Mechanics, vol. 2. Butterworth-heinemann, Oxford (2000)
21. Mead, D.: A general theory of harmonic wave propagation in linear periodic systems with multiple coupling. J. Sounds Vib. 27, 235–260 (1973)10.1016/0022-460X(73)90064-3 ↗
22. Langley, R.: A note on the force boundary conditions for two-dimensional periodic structures with corner freedoms. J. Sounds Vib. 167, 377–381 (1993)10.1006/jsvi.1993.1341 ↗
23. Mace, B.R., Duhamel, D., Brennan, M.J., Hinke, L.: Finite element prediction of wave motion in structural waveguides. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117(5), 2835–2843 (2005)10.1121/1.1887126 ↗
24. Waki, Y., Mace, B., Brennan, M.: Numerical issues concerning the wave and finite element method for free and forced vibration of waveguides. J. Sounds Vib. 327(1–2), 92–108 (2009)10.1016/j.jsv.2009.06.005 ↗
25. Mencik, J.-M., Ichchou, M.: Multi-mode propagation and diffusion in structures through finite elements. Eur. J. Mech. A 24(5), 877–898 (2005)10.1016/j.euromechsol.2005.05.004 ↗
26. Chronopoulos, D., Troclet, B., Bareille, O., Ichchou, M.: Modeling the response of composite panels by a dynamic stiffness approach. Compos. Struct. 96, 111–120 (2013)10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.08.047 ↗
27. Manconi, E., Mace, B.: Modelling wave propagation in two-dimensional structures using a wave/finite element technique. ISVR Technical Memorandum, (2007)
28. Chronopoulos, D., Troclet, B., Ichchou, M., Laine, J.: A unified approach for the broadband vibroacoustic response of composite shells. Compos. B 43(4), 1837–1846 (2012)10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.01.059 ↗
29. Apalowo, R., Chronopoulos, D., Ichchou, M., Essa, Y., Martin De La Escalera, F.: The impact of temperature on wave interaction with damage in composite structures. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. C 231(16), 3042–3056 (2017)10.1177/0954406217718217 ↗
30. Apalowo, R., Ampatzidis, T., Chronopoulos, D., Ichchou, M., Essa, Y., De La Escalera, F.: Prediction of temperature dependent wave dispersion and interaction properties in composite structures. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Congress on Sound and Vibration, 23–27 July 2017, London, (2017)
31. Chronopoulos, D., Droz, C., Apalowo, R., Ichchou, M., Yan, W.: Accurate structural identification for layered composite structures, through a wave and finite element scheme. Compos. Struct. 182, 566–578 (2017)10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.09.062 ↗
32. Renno, J.M., Mace, B.R.: Calculation of reflection and transmission coefficients of joints using a hybrid finite element/wave and finite element approach. J. Sound Vib. 332(9), 2149–2164 (2013)10.1016/j.jsv.2012.04.029 ↗
33. Cook, R.: Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York (1981)
34. ANSYS, ANSYS 14.0 User’s Help, (2014)
35. Talreja, R., Singh, C.: Damage and Failure of Composite Materials, Damage and Failure of Composite Materials. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2012)10.1017/CBO9781139016063 ↗
36. Nag, A., Mahapatra, D., Gopalakrishnan, S., Sankar, T.: A spectral finite element with embedded delamination for modeling of wave scattering in composite beams. Compos. Sci. Technol. 63(15), 2187–2200 (2003)10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00176-3 ↗
37. Petyt, M.: Introduction to Finite Element Vibration Analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2010)10.1017/CBO9780511761195 ↗
38. Cremer, L., Heckel, M., Petersson, B.: Structure Borne Sound: Structural Vibrations and Sound Radiation at Audio Frequencies. Springer, New York (2005)10.1007/b137728 ↗
39. Lowe, M., Cawley, P., Kao, J., Diligent, O.: The low frequency reflection characteristics of the fundamental antisymmetric lamb wave a 0 from a rectangular notch in a plate. J. Acou. Soc. Am. 112(6), 2612–2622 (2002)10.1121/1.1512702 ↗