A two-step ion-exchange process for modified mechanical reinforcement and virucidal functionalization of glasses

Glasses have been an inseparable part of human life since ancient times, with applications of from interior home decorations, windows, doors, and car accessories to mobile touch screens and medical interfaces. In such advanced applications, properties like mechanical strength, chemical durability and biocidal properties are critical. Despite recent progress, achieving glass surfaces that are simultaneously strong and antiviral remains a challenge. The study aims to enhance mechanical strength through ion-exchange and functionalization of glass as a virucidal material by silver incorporation. Three types of glasses, soda lime silicate, soda magnesia silicate, and sodium borosilicate, were subjected to a two-step ion exchange to induce compressive surface stress and facilitate silver incorporation. This dual approach targets the development of glass surfaces that are mechanically robust as well as capable of antiviral activity, paving the way for advanced functional materials in biomedical and consumer applications.