Double relaxation processes in the glass system xEu2O3·PbO·2B2O3 studied by broadband dielectric spectroscopy

Abstract In this work we study the effect of introducing europium oxide in lead borate glasses, in concentrations up to x = 0.20, using the impedance spectroscopy in a large frequency range (0.1 Hz to 9 GHz). Two relaxation processes can be identified. The low frequency process deviates considerably from the Debye type and is modelled by the Cole–Davidson expression. The high frequency relaxation is also a non-Debye type and is fitted by the Cole–Cole expression. These results imply some distribution of relaxation times, due to the interaction between the dipoles. The behaviour of the dielectric strength is similar in the low and high frequency regions, indicating a cluster formation at a critical concentration of europium oxide (x = 0.03).