Study on Sm3+ ion concentration in physical, structural and optical properties of magnesium-sodium fluoroborate glasses for reddish-orange visible laser applications

The influence of Sm ³⁺ ion concentration on physical, structural and optical properties of magnesium-sodium fluoroborate glasses were studied and analyzed. The XRD, FTIR, SEM with EDS spectra validated the non-crystalline nature, presence of functional groups, morphology and elementary analysis of the prepared glasses. The bonding parameters, oscillator strength, JO intensity parameters and radiative properties were evaluated using absorption and emission analysis. In JO intensity parameters, the lower Ω ₂ value implied higher symmetry and less covalency at higher Sm ³⁺ concentration. The ⁴G _5/2 → ⁶H _7/2 emission transition possesses higher stimulated emission cross section (15.75 ✗ 10 ⁻²²) and higher branching ratio 0.533 (β _cal), 0.51 (β _exp ) for BMNNFS1.5 glass. The higher values of radiative parameters witnessed the suitability of prepared glasses for laser applications. Decay measurements were carried out and BMNNFS0.1 glass has higher quantum efficiency as 72%. The color coordinates (x.y) of prepared glasses lie in the reddish-orange region of the CIE diagram this confirmed the reddish-orange visible laser applications.