Modification of dicalcium silicate bone cement biomaterials by using carboxymethyl cellulose

Abstract To ensure the operability of the clinical, the setting time is one of the most clinically vital factors. Sol–gel technique was used to prepare calcium silicate powders with different molar ratios of CaO/SiO 2 , and the calcium silicate bone cements (CSCs) were obtained in this study. Functional groups of powder and cements were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The doped cement was prepared using carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)-containing calcium silicate powder as solid phase and distilled water as liquid phase. Phase composition, morphology, setting time (St) and compressive strength (Cs) of the doped cement, after mixing with water, were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Gillmore needle and electronic universal material testing machine, respectively. In vitro mineralization of doped cement was investigated by SBF immersion test by soaking the samples individually in 10-ml of simulated body fluid (SBF) solution at 37 °C for 0, 1, 3, 7 and 15 days (d), respectively. The results indicated that the doped cement with 0.10% CMC possessed shorter setting time, higher compressive strength, and desirable bioactivity that makes it an attractive choice for use in vertebroplasty and bone filling surgery.