Biomineralization behavior of ternary mesoporous bioactive glasses stabilized through ethanol extraction process

The development of bioactive implantable materials with multi-functional properties like tissue regeneration, tumor annihilation, anti-bacterial growth and angiogenesis advancement is of great importance. In this context, mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) are gaining tremendous interest in designing the next generation of biomaterials for the bone defect treatment. In this work, ternary SiO ₂-CaO-P ₂O ₅ MBGs have been synthesized by using the acid assisted sol-gel process. In contrast to the conventional process, we adopted an ethanol extraction process to remove surfactant, leading to superior textual properties and high silanol group density in resultant bioglass. Magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) technique has been used to elucidate the presence of different anionic species in the pristine glass samples and its variation with chemical compositions. The vibrational spectroscopy reveals the presence of high concentration of silanol group over the surface of pristine glass samples, which effectively accelerates the formation of hydroxyl carbonate apatite (HCA) layer. The MBG specimens show a good cell viability behavior without toxicity up to the concentration of 20 µg ml ⁻¹. In the present results, we observed that pore size along with surface area and silanol group density play an effective role in the growth of HCA layer.