The centrifugally constructed and thermally activated three-dimensional graphene toward a binder-free highly performed anode of the lithium-ion battery

A binder-free three-dimensional porous interconnected graphene (a-3DrGO@NF) was centrifugally constructed and KOH-activated at 800 °C, leading a mechanically strong and pore-developed anode candidate for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The unique approach of the integration of the mechanical construction and thermal activation demonstrated favorable frameworks to facilitate the stable and fast migrations of both ion and electron during the galvanostatic charge/discharge process, thus significantly improving its durability and electrochemical performance compared to those without the activated and thermal treatment. The a-3DrGO@NF LIBs showed a highly reversible capacity of 1250 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 after 50 cycles without degradation relative to the first cycle. More importantly, the a-3DrGO@NF LIBs exhibited excellent large current discharge property and cyclic stability of 965 mAh g−1 in its first cycle and 545 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles at a current density of 4 A g−1. Furthermore, it can be quickly charged and discharged in a very short time of 92 s together with high-rate capability of 256 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 10 A g−1. At both lower and higher its current density as to 10 A g−1, the coulombic efficiency was close to 100% and showed the reliability of a-3DrGO@NF LIBs.