Novel ultrasonic pretreatment for HTC carbon nanosphere size control without yield compromise
Source abstract
Abstract
Ultrasonic pretreatment of HTC precursor solution (sucrose) has been used to control the size of synthesized carbon nanospheres (CNSs). The pretreatment allowed for synthesis of monodispersed CNSs without yield compromise or additional chemical complexity. Based on ultrasonic cavitation intensity and energy, a mechanism for observed size change with changing ultrasonic pretreatment duration has been proposed. To compare the effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on physicochemical properties of samples, treated and untreated samples were analyzed using SEM, XRD, UV–Vis, FTIR, BET, and pHpzc. The effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on the applicability of CNSs for adsorption and photodegradation of model pollutant systems was studied using cationic dyes methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV). The fitted kinetic models exhibited that the adsorption was taking place by chemisorption for treated and untreated samples. The photodegradation studies were done under UV and visible light conditions with % decolorization followed: UV light > visible light > dark. The degradation mechanism has been explained using scavenger tests. The results reveal that ultrasonic pretreatment has no influence on sample’s physicochemical characteristics, adsorption, or degradation mechanisms. Hence, this opens up a new, convenient, and inexpensive technique for reducing size of HTC CNSs. Graphical abstract
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics · Nanomaterials for catalytic reactions · Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (53)
Show source-provided references
1. Abdellatif MH, Keshavan S, Dante S, Salerno M (2017) Induced inhomogeneity in graphene work function due to graphene - TiO2/Ag/glass substrate interaction. Thin Solid Films 628:43–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2017.03.01110.1016/j.tsf.2017.03.011 ↗
2. Alarfaj NA, El-tohamy MF (2018) CA 19–9 pancreatic tumor marker fluorescence immunosensing detection via immobilized carbon quantum dots conjugated gold nanocomposite. 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms1904116210.3390/ijms19041162 ↗
3. Askari S, Halladj R (2012) Ultrasonic pretreatment for hydrothermal synthesis of SAPO-34 nanocrystals. Ultrason Sonochemistry 19:554–559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.09.00610.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.09.006 ↗
4. Bernardo EC, Fukuta T, Fujita T et al (2006) Enhancement of saccharin removal from aqueous solution by activated carbon adsorption with ultrasonic treatment. Ultrason Sonochem 13:13–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2004.12.00710.1016/j.ultsonch.2004.12.007 ↗
5. Boufades D, Née Mesdour SH, Moussiden A et al (2020) One-step synthesis and characterization of carbon nanospheres via natural gas condensate pyrolysis. Fullerenes Nanotub Carbon Nanostruct 28:716–723. https://doi.org/10.1080/1536383X.2020.175038310.1080/1536383X.2020.1750383 ↗
6. Chen XY, Ma C, Bao SP, Li Z (2010) Synthesis and photoluminescence of ZnAl2O4:Eu3+ hollow nanophosphors using carbon nanospheres as hard templates. J Colloid Interface Sci 346:8–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2010.02.03810.1016/j.jcis.2010.02.038 ↗
7. Chiu YH, Chang TFM, Chen CY et al (2019) Mechanistic insights into photodegradation of organic dyes using heterostructure photocatalysts. Catalysts 9:430. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal905043010.3390/catal9050430 ↗
8. Cui Y, Qin L, Kang W et al (2019) Magnetic carbon nanospheres: synthesis, characterization, and adsorbability towards quinoline from coking wastewater. Chem Eng J 382:122995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.12299510.1016/j.cej.2019.122995 ↗
9. Dodds JA, Espitalier F, Louisnard O et al (2007) The effect of ultrasound on crystallisation-precipitation processes: some examples and a new segregation model. Part Part Syst Charact 24:18–28. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.20060104610.1002/ppsc.200601046 ↗
10. Etacheri V, Wang C, O’Connell MJ et al (2015) Porous carbon sphere anodes for enhanced lithium-ion storage. J Mater Chem A 3:9861–9868. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ta01360g10.1039/c5ta01360g ↗
11. Gupta A, Mittal M, Singh MK, Suib SL (2018) Low temperature synthesis of NbC/C nano-composites as visible light photoactive catalyst. Sci Rep 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-31989-z10.1038/s41598-018-31989-z ↗
12. Gupta A, Kour R, Brar LK (2019) Facile synthesis of carbon nanospheres from saccharides for photocatalytic applications. SN Appl Sci 1:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1213-x10.1007/s42452-019-1213-x ↗
13. Hammadou née Mesdour S, Boufades D, Bousak H, et al (2021) Potential application of carbon nanospheres as adsorbent for the simultaneous desulfurization and demetallization of transportations fuels. Fullerenes Nanotub Carbon Nanostruct 0:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/1536383X.2021.194780910.1080/1536383X.2021.1947809 ↗
14. Hu N, Liu W, Ding L, Wu Z (2017) Removal of methylene blue from its aqueous solution by froth flotation: hydrophobic silica nanoparticle as a collector. J Nanoparticle Res 46:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-017-3762-510.1007/s11051-017-3762-5 ↗
15. Ikenyiri P, Ukpaka C (2016) Overview on the effect of particle size on the performance of wood based adsorbent. J Chem Eng Process Technol 7:5–8. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7048.100031510.4172/2157-7048.1000315 ↗
16. Joula MH, Farbod M (2015) Synthesis of uniform and size-controllable carbon nanospheres by a simple hydrothermal method and fabrication of carbon nanosphere super-hydrophobic surface. Appl Surf Sci 347:535–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.04.11810.1016/j.apsusc.2015.04.118 ↗
17. Karthik KV, Raghu AV, Reddy KR et al (2022) Green synthesis of Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles and its application for the photocatalytic degradation of hazardous organic pollutants. Chemosphere 287:132081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.13208110.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132081 ↗
18. Kaufman SL, Dorman FD (2008) Sucrose clusters exhibiting a magic number in dilute aqueous solutions. Langmuir 24:9979–9982. https://doi.org/10.1021/la800177m10.1021/la800177m ↗
19. Kim H, Sun X, Koo B, Yoon JY (2019) Experimental investigation of sludge treatment using a rotor-stator type hydrodynamic cavitation reactor and an ultrasonic bath. Proccesses 7:790. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr711079010.3390/pr7110790 ↗
20. Kumeria T, Yu J, Alsawat M et al (2015) Photoswitchable membranes based on peptide-modified nanoporous anodic alumina: toward smart membranes for on-demand molecular transport. Adv Mater 27:3019–3024. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20150047310.1002/adma.201500473 ↗
21. Lee J (2016) Importance of sonication and solution conditions on the acoustic cavitation activity. In: Handbook of ultrasonics and sonochemistry. pp 137–17510.1007/978-981-287-278-4_10 ↗
22. Li M, Wu Q, Wen M, Shi J (2009) A novel route for preparation of hollow carbon nanospheres without introducing template. Nano express 4:1365–1370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11671-009-9406-710.1007/s11671-009-9406-7 ↗
23. Liu S, Li A, Han Q et al (2021) Oxygen-directed porous activation of carbon nanospheres for enhanced capacitive energy storage. J Power Sources 483:229223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.22922310.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.229223 ↗
24. Lv H, Ma S, Wang Z et al (2021) Glutathione-triggered non-template synthesized porous carbon nanospheres serve as low toxicity targeted delivery system for cancer multi-therapy. Chinese Chem Lett 32:1765–1769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2020.11.05810.1016/j.cclet.2020.11.058 ↗
25. MacDermid-Watts K, Pradhan R, Dutta A (2021) Catalytic hydrothermal carbonization treatment of biomass for enhanced activated carbon: a review. Waste and Biomass Valorization 12:2171–2186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-020-01134-x10.1007/s12649-020-01134-x ↗
26. Mahajan M, Singla G, Singh K, Pandey OP (2015) Synthesis of grape-like carbon nanospheres and their application as photocatalyst and electrocatalyst. J Solid State Chem 232:108–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2015.08.01510.1016/j.jssc.2015.08.015 ↗
27. Manea YK, Khan AM (2019) Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and adsorption of metal ions by SDS-TiP nanocomposite. SN Appl Sci 1:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-0817-510.1007/s42452-019-0817-5 ↗
28. Mehrali M, Tahan Latibari S, Mehrali M et al (2014) Effect of carbon nanospheres on shape stabilization and thermal behavior of phase change materials for thermal energy storage. Energy Convers Manag 88:206–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.08.01410.1016/j.enconman.2014.08.014 ↗
29. Mu Y, Zhang Y, Fan J, Guo C (2017) Effect of ultrasound pretreatment on the hydrothermal synthesis of SSZ-13 zeolite. Ultrason Sonochemistry 38:430–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.03.04310.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.03.043 ↗
30. Nethaji S, Sivasamy A, Mandal AB (2013) Adsorption isotherms, kinetics and mechanism for the adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes onto carbonaceous particles prepared from Juglans regia shell biomass. Int J Environ Sci Technol 10:231–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-012-0112-010.1007/s13762-012-0112-0 ↗
31. Ovchinnikov OV, Evtukhova AV, Kondratenko TS et al (2016) Manifestation of intermolecular interactions in FTIR spectra of methylene blue molecules. Vib Spectrosc 86:181–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vibspec.2016.06.01610.1016/j.vibspec.2016.06.016 ↗
32. Panickar R, Sobhan CB, Chakravorti S (2020) Chemical vapor deposition synthesis of carbon spheres: effects of temperature and hydrogen. Vacuum 172:109108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2019.10910810.1016/j.vacuum.2019.109108 ↗
33. Pilli S, Bhunia P, Yan S et al (2011) Ultrasonic pretreatment of sludge: a review. Ultrason Sonochemistry 18:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2010.02.01410.1016/j.ultsonch.2010.02.014 ↗
34. Rashvanlou RB, Farzadkia M, Rezaee A et al (2021) The influence of combined low-strength ultrasonics and micro-aerobic pretreatment process on methane generation and sludge digestion: lipase enzyme, microbial activation, and energy yield. Ultrason Sonochem 73:105531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.10553110.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105531 ↗
35. Rincón B, Bujalance L, Fermoso FG et al (2014) Effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on biomethane potential of two-phase olive mill solid waste: kinetic approach and process performance. Sci World J 2014:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/648624Research10.1155/2014/648624Research ↗
36. Robati D (2013) Pseudo-second-order kinetic equations for modeling adsorption systems for removal of lead ions using multi-walled carbon nanotube. J Nanostructure Chem 55:3–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-8865-3-5510.1186/2193-8865-3-55 ↗
37. Ruan J, Wu X, Wang Y, Zheng S, Sun D, Song YCM (2019) Nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanosphere towards application of potassium ion storage Jiafeng. J Mater Chem A 7:19305–19315. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TA05205D10.1039/C9TA05205D ↗
38. Sadeghi H, Dorranian D (2016) Influence of size and morphology on the optical properties of carbon nanostructures. J Theor Appl Phys 10:7–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40094-015-0194-410.1007/s40094-015-0194-4 ↗
39. Samiee S, Goharshadi EK (2014) Graphene nanosheets as efficient adsorbent for an azo dye removal: kinetic and thermodynamic studies. J Nanoparticle Res 16:2542–2557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-014-2542-810.1007/s11051-014-2542-8 ↗
40. Schneider JT, Firak DS, Ribeiro RR, Zamora PP (2020) Use of scavenger agents in heterogeneous photocatalysis: truths, half-truths, and misinterpretations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 22:15723–15733. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0CP02411B10.1039/D0CP02411B ↗
41. Thirunavukkarasu A, Nithya R (2020) Adsorption of acid orange 7 using green synthesized CaO/CeO2 composite: an insight into kinetics, equilibrium, thermodynamics, mass transfer and statistical models. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 111:44–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2020.04.00710.1016/j.jtice.2020.04.007 ↗
42. Tiwari VK, Chen Z, Gao F et al (2017) Synthesis of ultra-small carbon nanospheres (<50 nm) with uniform tunable sizes by a convenient catalytic emulsion polymerization strategy: superior supercapacitive and sorption performance. J Mater Chem A 5:12131–12143. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA01114H10.1039/C7TA01114H ↗
43. Uthappa UT, Sriram G, Brahmkhatri V et al (2018) Xerogel modified diatomaceous earth microparticles for controlled drug release studies. New J Chem 42:11964–11971. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nj01238e10.1039/c8nj01238e ↗
44. Uthappa UT, Kigga M, Sriram G et al (2019) Facile green synthetic approach of bio inspired polydopamine coated diatoms as a drug vehicle for controlled drug release and active catalyst for dye degradation. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 288:109572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2019.10957210.1016/j.micromeso.2019.109572 ↗
45. Wang Z, Cai X, Li K et al (2021) LiBr hydrate as reaction medium for preparation of carbon spheres from wood powders via hydrothermal carbonization. Diam Relat Mater 113:108295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2021.10829510.1016/j.diamond.2021.108295 ↗
46. Wang X, Hu C, Xiong Y, et al (2010) Synthesis of functional carbon nanospheres and amperometric sensing of hydrogen peroxide. pp 1–2
47. Wei K, Wei C, Wachira W et al (2016) Comparison of self-aggregated chitosan particles prepared with and without ultrasonication pretreatment as Pickering emulsifier. Food Hydrocoll 52:827–837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.08.01910.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.08.019 ↗
48. Wong YC, Szeto YS, Cheung WH, Mckay G (2008) Effect of temperature, particle size and percentage deacetylation on the adsorption of acid dyes on chitosan. Adsorption 14:11–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-007-9041-510.1007/s10450-007-9041-5 ↗
49. Xie Y, Huang Q, Huang B, Xie X (2010) Low temperature synthesis of high quality carbon nanospheres through the chemical reactions between calcium carbide and oxalic acid. Mater Chem Phys 124:482–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.06.07010.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.06.070 ↗
50. Xu F, Tang Z, Huang S et al (2015) Facile synthesis of ultrahigh-surface-area hollow carbon nanospheres for enhanced adsorption and energy storage. Nat Commun 6:7221. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms822110.1038/ncomms8221 ↗
51. Xu X, Tu R, Sun Y et al (2019) The influence of combined pretreatment with surfactant/ultrasonic and hydrothermal carbonization on fuel properties, pyrolysis and combustion behavior of corn stalk. Bioresour Technol 271:427–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.06610.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.066 ↗
52. Zhang Q, Tu Z, Wang H et al (2014) Improved glycation after ultrasonic pretreatment revealed by high-performance liquid chromatography−linear ion trap/Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Ind 62:2522–2530. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf500276510.1021/jf5002765 ↗
53. Zhang P, Qiao Z, Dai S (2015) Recent advances in carbon nanospheres: synthetic routes and applications. Chem Commun 51:9246–9256. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cc01759a10.1039/c5cc01759a ↗