Size control of Au nanoparticles from the scalable and solvent-free matrix assembly cluster source
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Nanostructured gold is an intriguing system for heterogeneous catalysis at low temperature. Its activity is related to choice of support selection, particle-support interaction, and especially the particle size. Here, we investigate the possibility of controlling the size of Au clusters (nanoparticles) in the novel Matrix Assembly Cluster Source (MACS), a solvent-free nanoparticle source with potential for scale-up to the gram level. The novelty of the MACS is the idea of making clusters by sputtering a pre-condensed matrix of metal atoms embedded in a condensed non-reactive gas, e.g., Ar. This concept, introduced in 2016, has already proved deposition rates several orders of magnitude higher than conventional cluster beam routes. Such scale-up in the cluster production rate is crucial for industrial research on nanocatalysis under realistic reaction condition. Here, we report a systematic study of how Au metal loading in the matrix affects the size distribution of clusters generated. Furthermore, the obtained dependence of cluster size on deposition time provides clear confirmation of cluster formation inside the matrix by ion irradiation, rather than by aggregation of atoms on the TEM support after deposition.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Catalytic Processes in Materials Science · nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions · Nanocluster Synthesis and Applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (35)
Show source-provided references
1. Anastas PT, Warner JC (1998) Green chemistry: theory and practice. Oxford University Press, p 30
2. Antares Paoli E, Masini F, Frydendal R, Deiana D, Malacrida P, Hansen TW, Chorkendorff I, Stephens IEL (2016) Fine-tuning the activity of oxygen evolution catalysts: the effect of oxidation pre-treatment on size-selected Ru nanoparticles. Catal Today 262:57–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2015.10.00510.1016/j.cattod.2015.10.005 ↗
3. Ayodele OB, Cai R, Wang J, Ziouani Y, Liang Z, Spadaro MC, Kovnir K, Arbiol J, Akola J, Palmer RE, Kolen’ko YV (2020) Synergistic computational-experimental discovery of highly selective PtCu nanocluster catalysts for acetylene semihydrogenation. ACS Catal 10(1):451–457. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.9b0353910.1021/acscatal.9b03539 ↗
4. Boronat M, Pulido A, Concepcion P, Corma A (2014) Propene epoxidation with O2 or H2-O2 mixtures over silver catalysts: theoretical insights into the role of the particle size. Phys Chem Chem Phys 16:26600–26612. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CP02198C10.1039/C4CP02198C ↗
5. Boyen H-G, Kastle G, Weigl F, Koslowski B, Dietrich C, Ziemann P, Spatz JP, Riethmuller S, Hartmann C, Moller M, Schimd G, Garnier MG, Oelhafen P (2002) Oxidation-resistant gold-55 clusters. Science 297(5586):1533–1536. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.107624810.1126/science.1076248 ↗
6. Cai R, Cao L, Griffin R, Chansai S, Hardacre C, Palmer RE (2020) Scale-up of cluster beam deposition to the gram scale with the matrix assembly cluster source for heterogeneous catalysis (propylene combustion). AIP Adv 10:025314. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.514283610.1063/1.5142836 ↗
7. Chen Y-C, Lavacchi A, Chen S-P, di Benedetto F, Bevilacqua M, Bianchini C, Fornasiero P, Innocenti M, Marelli M, Oberhauser W, Sun S-G, Vizza F (2012) Electrochemical milling and faceting: size reduction and catalytic activation of palladium nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed 51(34):8500–8504. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20120358910.1002/anie.201203589 ↗
8. D’Addato S, Spadaro MC (2018) Low pressure bottom-up synthesis of metal@oxide and oxide nanoparticles: control of structural and functional properties. Phys Scr 93(3):033001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/aa9db710.1088/1402-4896/aa9db7 ↗
9. Ellis P, Brown CM, Bishop PT, Yin J, Cooke K, Terry WD, Liu J, Yin F, Palmer RE (2016) The cluster beam route to model catalysts and beyond. Faraday Discuss 188:39–56. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5FD00178A10.1039/C5FD00178A ↗
10. Fernandez E, Boronat M, Corma A (2015) Trends in the reactivity of molecular O2 with copper clusters: influence of size and shape. J Phys Chem C 119(34):19832–19846. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b0502310.1021/acs.jpcc.5b05023 ↗
11. Grammatikopoulos P, Steinhauer S, Vernieres J, Singh V, Sowwan M (2016) Nanoparticle design by gas-phase synthesis. Advan Phys 1(1):81–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2016.114282910.1080/23746149.2016.1142829 ↗
12. Hvolbæk B, Janssens TVW, Clausen BS, Falsig H, Christensen CH, Nørskov JK (2007) Catalytic activity of Au nanoparticles. Nano Today 2:14–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1748-0132(07)70113-510.1016/S1748-0132(07)70113-5 ↗
13. Ishida T, Murayama T, Taketoshi A, Haruta M (2019) Importance of size and contact structure of gold nanoparticles for the genesis of unique catalytic processes. Chem Rev. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b0055110.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00551 ↗
14. Jaramillo TF, Baeck S-H, Cuenya Roldan B, McFarland EW (2003) Catalytic activity of supported Au nanoparticles deposited from block copolymer micelles. J Am Chem Soc 125(24):7148–7149. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja029800v10.1021/ja029800v ↗
15. Lee S, Fan C, Wu T, Anderson SL (2004) CO oxidation on Au/TiO2 catalysts produced by size selected cluster deposition. J Am Chem Soc 126:5682–5683. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja049436v10.1021/ja049436v ↗
16. Lee S, Fan C, Wu T, Anderson SL (2005) Agglomeration, sputtering and carbon monoxide adsorption behavior for Au/Al2O3 prepared by Aun+ deposition on Al2O3/NiAl(110). J Phys Chem B 109:11340–11347. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp050240710.1021/jp0502407 ↗
17. Masatake H, Tetsuhiko K, Hiroshi S, Nobumasa Y (1987) Novel gold catalysts fir the oxidation of carbon monoxide at a temperature far below 0 °C. Chem Lett 16(2):405–408. https://doi.org/10.1246/cl.1987.40510.1246/cl.1987.405 ↗
18. Niu Y, Schexer P, Sebok B, Chorkendorff I, Palmer RE (2018) Reduced sintering of mass-selected Au clusters on SiO2 by alloying with Ti: an aberration-corrected STEM and computation study. Nanoscale 10(5):2363–2370. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NR06323G10.1039/C7NR06323G ↗
19. Oiko VTA, Mathieu T, Cao L, Liu J, Palmer RE (2016) Note: production of silver nanoclusters using a Matrix-Assembly Cluster Source with a solid CO2 matrix. J Chem Phys 145:166101. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.496621310.1063/1.4966213 ↗
20. Palmer RE, Cao L, Yin F (2016) Note: proof of principle of a new type of cluster beam source with potential scale-up. Rev Sci Instrum 87:046103. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.494722910.1063/1.4947229 ↗
21. Palmer RE, Cai R, Vernieres J (2018) Synthesis without solvents: the cluster (nanoparticle) beam route to catalysts and sensors. Acc Chem Res 51(9):2296–2304. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.8b0028710.1021/acs.accounts.8b00287 ↗
22. Perez-Alonso FJ, McCarthy DN, Nierhoff A, Hernandez-Fernandez P, Strebel C, Stephens IEL, Nielsen JH, Cherkendorff I (2012) The effect of size on the oxygen electroreduction activity of mass-selected platinum nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed 51:4641–4643. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20120058610.1002/anie.201200586 ↗
23. Piella J, Merkoci F, Genc A, Arbiol J, Bastus NG, Puntes V (2017) Probing the surface reactivity of nanocrystals by the catalytic degradation of organic dyes: the effect of size, surface chemistry and composition. J Mater Chem A 5:11917–11929. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta01328k10.1039/c7ta01328k ↗
24. Pratontep S, Carroll SJ, Xirouchaki C, Streun M, Palmer RE (2005) Size-selected cluster beam source based on radio frequency magnetron plasma sputtering and gas condensation. Rev Sci Instrum 76:045103. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.186933210.1063/1.1869332 ↗
25. Reske R, Mistry H, Behafarid F, Roldan Cuenya B, Strasser P (2014) Particle size effects in the catalytic electroreduction of CO2 on Cu nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 136(19):6978–6986. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja500328k10.1021/ja500328k ↗
26. Roldan Cuenya B, Baeck S-H, Jaradillo TF, McFarland EW (2003) Size- and support-dependent electronic and catalytic properties of Au0/Au3+ nanoparticles synthesized from block copolymer micelles. J Am Chem Soc 125(42):12928–12934. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja036468u10.1021/ja036468u ↗
27. Spadaro MC, D’Addato S, Gasperi G, Benedetti F, Luches P, Grillo V, Bertoni G, Valeri S (2015) Morphology, structural properties and reducibility of size-selected CeO2-x nanoparticle films. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 6(1):60–67. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.710.3762/bjnano.6.7 ↗
28. Spadaro MC, Zhao J, Terry WD, Liu J, Yin F, Djurabekova F, Palmer RE (2019) Angular dependence of nanoparticle generation in the matrix assembly cluster source. Nano Res 12(12):3069–3074. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-019-2553-y10.1007/s12274-019-2553-y ↗
29. Sun C, Xue D (2013) Size-dependent oxygen storage ability of nano-sized ceria. Phys Chem Chem Phys 15:14414–14419. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3CP51959G10.1039/C3CP51959G ↗
30. Valden M, Goodman DW (1998) Onset of Catalytic activity of gold clusters on titania with the appearance of non-metallic properties. Science 281(5383):1647–1650. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5383.164710.1126/science.281.5383.1647 ↗
31. von Issendorff B, Palmer RE (1999) A new high transmission infinite range mass selector for cluster and nanoparticle beams. Rev Sci Instrum 70:4497–4501. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.115010210.1063/1.1150102 ↗
32. Wang ZW, Palmer RE (2012) Intensity calibration and atomic imaging of size selected Au and Pd clusters in aberration corrected HAADF-STEM. J Phys Conf Ser 371:012010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/371/1/01201010.1088/1742-6596/371/1/012010 ↗
33. Wang ZW, Li ZY, Park SJ, Abdela A, Tang D, Palmer RE (2011) Quantitative Z-contrast imaging in the scanning transmission electron microscope with size-selected clusters. Phys Rev B 84:073408. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.84.07340810.1103/PhysRevB.84.073408 ↗
34. Xu J, Murphy S, Xiong D, Cai R, Wei XK, Heggen M, Barborini E, Vinati S, Dunin-Borkowski R, Palmer RE, Liu L (2018) Cluster beam deposition of ultrafine cobalt and ruthenium clusters for efficient and stable oxygen evolution reaction. ACS Appl En Mater 1:3013–3018. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.8b0011110.1021/acsaem.8b00111 ↗
35. Zhao J, Cao L, Palmer RE, Nordlund K, Djurabekova F (2017) Formation and emission mechanisms of Ag nanoclusters in the Ar matrix assembly cluster source. Phys Rev Mater 1:066002. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.1.06600210.1103/PhysRevMaterials.1.066002 ↗