Composite silicon-iron nanoparticles: physical properties and potential application in MRI contrasting
Source abstract
Abstract
Composite nanoparticles (NPs) based on nanocrystalline silicon (Si) with iron (Fe) content varied from 0.2 to 10 at.% are prepared by an arc-discharge plasma-ablative synthesis and investigated by means of the transmission and scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, magnetic susceptibility measurements, X-ray diffraction, and nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry. It is shown that an increase in the Fe content results in an increase in the mean size of Si-Fe NPs from 30 to 400 nm. Iron-enriched agglomerates, which consist of α-FeSi2, α-Fe, and iron oxide, are detected in Si-Fe NPs with Fe content above 2.5 at.%. The magnetization relaxometry reveals a strong shortening of both the longitudinal and transverse proton relaxation times in aqueous suspensions of Si-Fe NPs. The enhanced proton relaxation is explained by the impact of both Fe ions and paramagnetic centers like Si dangling bonds, the contribution of which to the proton relaxation depends on the Fe content. In vitro experiments show that prepared Si-Fe NPs with concentration up to 50 μg/mL are characterized by low cytotoxicity, which slightly increases with increasing iron content. The obtained results demonstrate the possibility of using composite Si-Fe NPs as potential contrast agents for MRI-guided cancer theranostics. Graphical abstract
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Crystallography and Radiation Phenomena · X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis · Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (70)
Show source-provided references
1. Abbas G, Singh KB, Kumar N et al (2021) Efficient anticarcinogenic activity of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles: in-vitro and computational study on human renal carcinoma cells HEK-293. Mater Today Commun. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.10217510.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102175 ↗
2. Akurati KK, Vital A, Hany R et al (2005) One-step flame synthesis of SnO2/TiO2 composite nanoparticles for photocatalytic applications. Int J Photoenergy. https://doi.org/10.1155/S1110662X0500023110.1155/S1110662X05000231 ↗
3. Aronsson B (1960) A note on the compositions and crystal structures of MnB2, Mn3Si, Mn5Si3 and FeSi2. Acta Chem Scand. https://doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.14-141410.3891/acta.chem.scand.14-1414 ↗
4. Bain GA, Berry JF (2008) Diamagnetic corrections and Pascal’s constants. J Chem Educ. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed085p53210.1021/ed085p532 ↗
5. Beecroft LL, Ober CK (1997) Nanocomposite materials for optical applications. Chem Mater. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm960441a10.1021/cm960441a ↗
6. Blaauw C, van der Woude F, Sawatzky GA (1973) Mossbauer study and band structure of FeSi2. J Phys C: Solid State Phys. https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3719/6/14/01710.1088/0022-3719/6/14/017 ↗
7. Canham LT (2007) Nanoscale semiconducting silicon as a nutritional food additive. Nanotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/18/18/18570410.1088/0957-4484/18/18/185704 ↗
8. Cao G, Singh DJ, Zhang X-G et al (2015) Ferromagnetism and nonmetallic transport of thin-film α-FeSi2: a stabilized metastable material. Phys Rev Lett. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.14720210.1103/PhysRevLett.114.147202 ↗
9. Chen YJ, Cao MS, Tian Q et al (2004) A novel preparation and surface decorated approach for a -Fe nanoparticles by chemical vapor – liquid reaction at low temperature. Mater Lett. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2003.10.03610.1016/j.matlet.2003.10.036 ↗
10. Cho M, Cho WS, Choi M et al (2009) The impact of size on tissue distribution and elimination by single intravenous injection of silica nanoparticles. Toxicol Lett. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.04.01710.1016/j.toxlet.2009.04.017 ↗
11. Clyne TW, Hull D (2019) An introduction to composite materials, 3rd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge10.1017/9781139050586 ↗
12. Cornell RM, Schwertmann U (2003) The iron oxides: structures, properties, reactions, occurences and uses. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim10.1002/3527602097 ↗
13. Dahal N, Chikan V (2010) Phase-controlled synthesis of iron silicide (Fe3Si and FeSi2) nanoparticles in solution. Chem Mater. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm100224b10.1021/cm100224b ↗
14. Dascalu M, Cesura F, Levi G et al (2019) Applied surface science controlling the supermagnetic response of tetragonal α-FeSi2 nanoislands. Appl Surf Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.01.07910.1016/j.apsusc.2019.01.079 ↗
15. de Dios AS, Díaz-García ME (2010) Multifunctional nanoparticles: analytical prospects. Anal Chim Acta. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2010.03.03810.1016/j.aca.2010.03.038 ↗
16. Dixon SJ, Stockwell BR (2014) The role of iron and reactive oxygen species in cell death. Nat Chem Biol. https://doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.141610.1038/nchembio.1416 ↗
17. Durnev AD, Solomina AS, Daugel-Dauge NO et al (2010) Evaluation of genotoxicity and reproductive toxicity of silicon nanocrystals. Bull Exp Biol Medic. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-010-0967-310.1007/s10517-010-0967-3 ↗
18. Goldfarb I, Camus Y, Dascalu M et al (2017) Tuning magnetic response of epitaxial iron-silicide nanoislands by controlled self-assembled growth. Phys Rev B. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.04541510.1103/PhysRevB.96.045415 ↗
19. Gongalsky MB, Kargina YV, Osminkina LA et al (2015) Porous silicon nanoparticles as biocompatible contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Appl Phys Lett. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.493773110.1063/1.4937731 ↗
20. Gordon T, Perlstein B, Houbara O et al (2011) Synthesis and characterization of zinc/iron oxide composite nanoparticles and their antibacterial properties. Colloid Surfaces A. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.10.01510.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.10.015 ↗
21. Grahami CD Jr (1958) Magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants of iron at room temperature and below. Phys Rev. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.112.111710.1103/PhysRev.112.1117 ↗
22. Hamdeh HH, Eltabey MM, Ho J et al (2010) Magnetism in nanoparticles of semiconducting FeSi2. J Magn Magn Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.02.01510.1016/j.jmmm.2010.02.015 ↗
23. Helms CR, Poindexter EH (1994) The silicon-silicon dioxide system: its microstructure and imperfections. Rep Prog Phys. https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/57/8/00210.1088/0034-4885/57/8/002 ↗
24. Hola K, Markova Z, Zoppellaro G et al (2015) Tailored functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI, drug delivery, magnetic separation and immobilization of biosubstances. Biotechnol Adv. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.02.00310.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.02.003 ↗
25. Ischenko AA, Fetisov GV, Aslanov LA (2014) Nanosilicon: properties, synthesis, applications, methods of analysis and control. CRC, NY10.1201/b17170 ↗
26. Ishii M, Nakahira M (1972) Infrared absorption spectra and cation distribution in (Mn, Fe)3O4. Solid State Commun. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(72)91162-310.1016/0038-1098(72)91162-3 ↗
27. Istratov AA, Hieslmair H, Weber ER (1999) Iron and its complexes in silicon. Appl Phys A. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339005096810.1007/s003390050968 ↗
28. Jiao D, Zheng S, Wang Y et al (2011) The tribology properties of alumina/silica composite nanoparticles as lubricant additives. Appl Surf Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.01.08410.1016/j.apsusc.2011.01.084 ↗
29. Jones DH, Srivastava KKP (1986) Many-state relaxation model for the Mossbauer spectra of superparamangnets. Phys Rev B. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.34.754210.1103/PhysRevB.34.7542 ↗
30. Kargina YuV, Gongalsky MB, Perepukhov AM et al (2018) Investigation of proton spin relaxation in water with dispersed silicon nanoparticles for potential magnetic resonance imaging applications. J Appl Phys. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.500684610.1063/1.5006846 ↗
31. Kargina YuV, Perepukhov AM, Kharin AYu et al (2019) Silicon nanoparticles prepared by plasma-assisted ablative synthesis: physical properties and potential biomedical applications. Phys Stat Sol A. https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.20180089710.1002/pssa.201800897 ↗
32. Kargina YV, Zinovyev SV, Perepukhov AM et al (2020) Silicon nanoparticles with iron impurities for multifunctional applications. Func Mater Lett. https://doi.org/10.1142/S179360472040007X10.1142/S179360472040007X ↗
33. Kim DK, Zhang Y, Voit W et al (2001) Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for bio-medical applications. Scr Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6462(01)00870-310.1016/S1359-6462(01)00870-3 ↗
34. Kin M, Kura H, Tanaka M et al (2015) Improvement of saturation magnetization of Fe nanoparticles by post-annealing in a hydrogen gas atmosphere. J Appl Phys. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.491905010.1063/1.4919050 ↗
35. Kirillin MY, Sergeeva EA, Agrba PD et al (2015) Laser-ablated silicon nanoparticles: optical properties and perspectives in optical coherence tomography. Laser Phys. https://doi.org/10.1088/1054-660X/25/7/07560410.1088/1054-660X/25/7/075604 ↗
36. Laurent S, Saei AA, Behzadi S et al (2014) Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for delivery of therapeutic agents: opportunities and challenges. Expert Opin Drug Del. https://doi.org/10.1517/17425247.2014.92450110.1517/17425247.2014.924501 ↗
37. Lin YS, Wu SH, Hung Y et al (2006) Multifunctional composite nanoparticles: magnetic, luminescent, and mesoporous. Chem Mater. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm061976z10.1021/cm061976z ↗
38. Liu N, Tang M (2020) Toxic effects and involved molecular pathways of nanoparticles on cells and subcellular organelles. J Appl Toxicol. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.381710.1002/jat.3817 ↗
39. Liu Z, Okoshi M, Hanabusa M (1999) Formation of β-FeSi 2 films by pulsed laser deposition using iron target. J Vac Sci Technol A. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.58162810.1116/1.581628 ↗
40. Luo P, Li C, Shi G (2012) Synthesis of gold@ carbon dots composite nanoparticles for surface enhanced Raman scattering. Phys Chem. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CP40767A10.1039/C2CP40767A ↗
41. Magro M, Baratella D, Bonaiuto E et al (2018) New perspectives on biomedical applications of iron oxide nanoparticles. Curr Med Chem. https://doi.org/10.2174/092986732466617061610292210.2174/0929867324666170616102922 ↗
42. Mahmoudi M, Laurent S, Shokrgozar MA et al (2011) Toxicity evaluations of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: cell “vision” versus physicochemical properties of nanoparticles. ACS Nano. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn202108810.1021/nn2021088 ↗
43. Majewski P, Thierry B (2007) Functionalized magnetite nanoparticles—synthesis, properties, and bio-applications. Crit Rev Solid State Mater Sci. https://doi.org/10.1080/1040843070177668010.1080/10408430701776680 ↗
44. Manukyan KV, Chen Y-S, Rouvimov S et al (2014) Ultra-small alpha -FeO superparamagnetic nanoparticles with high magnetization prepared by template-assisted combustion process. J Phys Chem C. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp504733r10.1021/jp504733r ↗
45. Matsnev ME, Rusakov VS (2012) SpectrRelax: an application for Mössbauer spectra modeling and fitting. AIP Conf Proc. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.475948810.1063/1.4759488 ↗
46. Mawhinney DB, Glass JA, Yates JT (1997) FTIR study of the oxidation of porous silicon. J Phys Chem B. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp963322r10.1021/jp963322r ↗
47. Mendez N, Liberman A, Corbeil J et al (2017) Assessment of in vivo systemic toxicity and biodistribution of iron-doped silica nanoshells. Nanomedicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2016.10.01810.1016/j.nano.2016.10.018 ↗
48. Miki T, Matsui Y, Matsubara K et al (1994) Electron paramagnetic resonance of defects in β-iron disilicide ceramics. J Appl Phys. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.35635610.1063/1.356356 ↗
49. Morales AM, Lieber CM (1998) A laser ablation method for the synthesis of crystalline semiconductor nanowires. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.279.5348.20810.1126/science.279.5348.208 ↗
50. Mosmann T (1983) Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-410.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4 ↗
51. Park JH, Gu L, Von Maltzahn G et al (2009) Biodegradable luminescent porous silicon nanoparticles for in vivo applications. Nat Mater. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat239810.1038/nmat2398 ↗
52. Pereira RN, Rowe DJ, Anthony RJ et al (2011) Oxidation of freestanding silicon nanocrystals probed with electron spin resonance of interfacial dangling bonds. Phys Rev B. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.83.15532710.1103/PhysRevB.83.155327 ↗
53. Quignard S, Coradin T, Powell JJ et al. (2017) Silica nanoparticles as sources of silicic acid favoring wound healing in vitro. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.04.04910.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.04.049 ↗
54. Rawat J, Rana S, Srivastava R et al (2007) Antimicrobial activity of composite nanoparticles consisting of titania photocatalytic shell and nickel ferrite magnetic core. Mat Sci Eng C-Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2006.05.02110.1016/j.msec.2006.05.021 ↗
55. Shanmugam S, Gabashvili A, Jacob DS et al (2006) Synthesis and characterization of TiO2@ C core-shell composite nanoparticles and evaluation of their photocatalytic activities. Chem Mater. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm052790n10.1021/cm052790n ↗
56. Sharonova NV, Svirshchevskaya EV, Popov AA et al (2020) Interaction of SiFe nanoparticles with epithelial and lymphoid cells. Russ J Bioorg Chem. https://doi.org/10.1134/S106816202006028X10.1134/S106816202006028X ↗
57. Si S, Tripathi JK, Markovich G et al (2013) Self-ordered magnetic α-FeSi2 nano-stripes on Si(111). Appl Phys Lett. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.481223910.1063/1.4812239 ↗
58. Singh MP, Atkins TM, Muthuswamy E et al (2012) Development of iron-doped silicon nanoparticles as bimodal imaging agents. ACS Nano. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn301536n10.1021/nn301536n ↗
59. Sviridov AP, Andreev VG, Ivanova EM et al (2013) Porous silicon nanoparticles as sensitizers for ultrasonic hyperthermia. Appl Phys Lett. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.482914810.1063/1.4829148 ↗
60. Tabaković A, Kester M, Adair JH (2012) Calcium phosphate-based composite nanoparticles in bioimaging and therapeutic delivery applications. Wires Nanomed Nanobi. https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.16310.1002/wnan.163 ↗
61. Tadic M, Kusigerski V, Markovic D et al (2009) High concentration of hematite nanoparticles in a silica matrix: structural and magnetic properties. J Magn Magn Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.07.00610.1016/j.jmmm.2008.07.006 ↗
62. Tamarov KP, Osminkina LA, Zinovyev SV et al (2014) Radio frequency radiation-induced hyperthermia using Si nanoparticle-based sensitizers for mild cancer therapy. Sci Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep0703410.1038/srep07034 ↗
63. Timoshenko VYu, Kudryavtsev AA, Osminkina LA et al (2006) Silicon nanocrystals as photosensitizers of active oxygen for biomedical applications. JETP Lett. https://doi.org/10.1134/S002136400609012810.1134/S0021364006090128 ↗
64. Tripathi JK, Garbrecht M, Kaplan WD et al (2012) The effect of Fe-coverage on the structure, morphology and magnetic properties of α-FeSi2 nanoislands. Nanotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/23/49/49560310.1088/0957-4484/23/49/495603 ↗
65. Wagner AR, Ellis SW (1964) Vapor-liquid-solid mechanism of single crystal growth. Appl Phys Lett. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.175397510.1063/1.1753975 ↗
66. Wang G, Su X (2011) The synthesis and bio-applications of magnetic and fluorescent bifunctional composite nanoparticles. Analyst. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1AN15036G10.1039/C1AN15036G ↗
67. Westerstrand B, Nordblad P, Nordborg L (1975) The magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants of iron and iron-silicon alloys. Phys Scr. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/11/6/01010.1088/0031-8949/11/6/010 ↗
68. Wu W, He Q, Jiang C (2008) Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: synthesis and surface functionalization strategies. Nanoscale Res Lett. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11671-008-9174-910.1007/s11671-008-9174-9 ↗
69. Zeleňák V, Zeleňáková A, Kováč J (2010) Insight into surface heterogenity of SBA-15 silica: oxygen related defects and magnetic properties. Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem Eng Asp. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.01.00110.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.01.001 ↗
70. Zhandun VS, Zamkova NG, Ovchinnikov SG et al (2017) Self-consistent mapping: effect of local environment on formation of magnetic moment in α -FeSi2. Phys Rev B. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.95.05442910.1103/PhysRevB.95.054429 ↗